Indonesia aims to limit emissions growth to 23% by 2035 from 2019 levels through conserving forests and peatlands to mitigate pollution, according to a top official. The nation expects its total greenhouse gas emissions will reach between about 1.3 billion and 1.4 billion tons a year in a decade, Environment Minister Hanif Faisol Nurofiq said in an interview this week, affirming draft targets released in August. Indonesia will submit its goals to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by mid-February, he said. The plan has attracted criticism for its heavy reliance on forests as potential carbon sinks and its limited ambition to cut emissions in polluting industries in the near term. Large ecosystems can absorb more carbon dioxide than they release but Indonesia’s forests have historically been a net carbon source due to deforestation, emitting more than 300 million tons a year on average between 2001 and 2023, according to Global Forest Watch.