PORTLAND, Maine — For thousands of years, the spruce-fir forests of our region have contended with the presence of the spruce budworm… and every 30-40 years, its population explodes. …Our neighbors in Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick have been contending with a serious infestation since 2006. Each province implemented vastly different response protocols, giving us valuable insight into how to deal with the current influx in Maine. …Unfortunately, Quebec responded too late. After successive defoliations, its forests have experienced extensive mortality. The result? Widespread forest fires and degradation of wildlife habitat and air and water quality. The economic damage will be felt for decades. …As Quebec was losing its budworm battle, New Brunswick implemented an early intervention strategy. …This summer, landowners and state officials noted increased spruce-fir defoliation in areas of northern Maine. …An early intervention program won’t be cheap, costing $15 million in 2025 alone. But failure to act will cost much more.