Category Archives: Forest History & Archives

Forest History & Archives

The Iceberg Aircraft Carrier That Almost Was: Alberta’s Forgotten Wartime Wonder

By Nerissa McNaughton
The Cochrane Eagle
June 10, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: Canada, Canada West

©Wikipedia by Craig Talbert

Under Jasper’s Patricia Lake lies the remains of one of history’s most peculiar wartime experiments. Project Habakkuk was an audacious idea born during World War II, as a solution for Allied forces battling German U-boats. Though it never came to fruition, its legacy remains a chapter in Alberta’s history. Project Habakkuk was a secret Allied experiment launched in the early 1940s under the guidance of British inventor Geoffrey Pyke to build an aircraft carrier unlike any other—not from metal or wood, but from ice. Specifically, it would utilize pykrete, a blend of 85% water and 15% wood pulp. This strange new material was stronger than concrete, resistant to bullets and torpedoes, and melted significantly slower than traditional ice. …The final vessel would need 300,000 tons of wood pulp, 35,000 tons of insulation, and a staggering amount of steel for reinforcement. These challenges … led to the project’s cancellation in late 1943.

Read More

Historical photos show logging in Vancouver neighbourhoods more than 130 years ago

By Brendan Kergin
Vancouver is Awesome
May 2, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: Canada West

Georgia Street 1886

Logging, literally and metaphorically, built Vancouver. The first settlers here started a mill. Gastown, the first settlement in what would become Vancouver, was built around Hastings Sawmill. That meant plenty of quality lumber to build new structures and jobs. While there isn’t really any old-growth forest left in the city now, it once had a fairly dense forest with truly massive trees. Nowadays most of B.C.’s lumber industry operates in more remote locations around the province, but in the 1860s, 70s, 80s and 90s, there were still large trees around Vancouver, so lumberjacks didn’t have to go far to find what they were looking for, especially with how difficult it was to move trees.

Read More

Telegraph Cove: From wilderness to community, from flames to new hope

By Alison Liebel
Parksville Qualicum Beach News
March 30, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: Canada, Canada West

TELEGRAPH COVE, BC — Many North Island communities are saddened by the news of the fire at Telegraph Cove on Dec. 31, 2024 as images of the blaze consuming the historic mill building and the Whale Interpretive Centre were startling. …Telegraph Cove is a rare reminder of early industrial life on the coast. In 1909, Alfred Marmaduke “Duke” Wastell was recruited to manage a struggling box-making factory in Alert Bay, also known as ‘Yalis. It was to make the shipping boxes for the cannery operated by BC Fishing and Packing Co. ‘Yalis, with a population of 230, was a hub of economic activity, driven by its booming fishing and logging industries. Logging operations dotted the coastline, but getting timber to market was difficult. …In 1912, the federal government began constructing a telephone and telegraph line stretching from Campbell River to Northern Vancouver Island. At that time, ‘Yalis served as the headquarters for commercial interests, and the superintendent of telegraphs wanted to set up a telegraph station nearby.

Read More

B.C. log rolling world champion Jube Wickheim dies at 91

By Courtney Dickson
CBC News
March 9, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: Canada, Canada West

Jubiel Wickheim

A world-class lumberjack sportsman from B.C. has died, his family says. Jubiel Wickheim, better known as Jube, passed away on Feb. 17 at the age of 91. The Vancouver Island man was a 10-time world champion in the sport of log rolling, and an avid outdoorsman. Jube grew up in Sooke, B.C. There, he went to school until about Grade 8 — not unusual for those times — and eventually began his career in forestry. …According to a document outlining the history of logging sports in B.C., written by Jube himself, logging sports, including birling, began in small logging towns as a friendly rivalry on weekends. …Jube won the world championship for log rolling 10 times between 1956 and 1969. …After his time as a champion birler, Jude went on to produce and emcee logger sports exhibitions, hoping to share his love of the sport with others. 

Read More

Chemainus sawmill retirees celebrate 25 years of breakfasts

By Morgan Brayton
Cowichan Valley Citizen
March 3, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: Canada, Canada West

A unique club celebrated its 25th anniversary on Feb. 7 with a breakfast attended by 32 former employees of MacMillan Bloedel and Western Forest Products, all of whom once worked at the Chemainus sawmill. The club was founded in 2000 by Bob Heyes, Neal Burmeister and Gary Grouhel, initially bringing together 41 retirees from the Chemainus mill. Over the years, the group has maintained its tradition of breakfast meetings, offering former colleagues a chance to reconnect and maintain friendships. The inaugural breakfast took place on Feb. 4, 2000, at the Mount Brenton Golf Club. Over the past 25 years, these breakfasts have become a cherished tradition where members can catch up, share updates and honour the legacy of their shared workplace. The club’s attendance has fluctuated over the years, but the retirees’ camaraderie has remained strong.

Read More

A Walk Through Time: Domtar’s History, 1820-2025

By Colleen Marble
Domtar Corporation
February 12, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: Canada, Canada West

The North American forest products industry has a rich and storied history, and nowhere is it more evident than in Domtar’s combined 205 years of business. Our family tree took root in 1820, and it extends unbroken to today under the ownership of Indonesian businessman Jackson Wijaya. Much has changed over the two centuries that have passed since we began operations in Canada by exporting lumber to Great Britain, but what hasn’t changed throughout Domtar’s history is our relentless pursuit of excellence. …Our story began in 1820, when the William Price Company was established to export lumber to Great Britain from Quebec, Canada. The company, which eventually rebranded as Price Brothers, remained focused on lumber exports until 1912, when it entered the paper business, joining several other well-established Canadian paper companies. After the industry underwent decades of mergers and acquisitions, the consolidated company emerged in 1979 under the name Abitibi-Price.

Read More

Old Mill Heritage Centre to celebrate 100th anniversary

By Tom Sasvari
The Manitoulin Expositor
February 19, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: Canada, Canada East

With the Old Mill in Kagawong celebrating its 100th anniversary this year, museum curator Rick Nelson said a couple of events will take place to commemorate this milestone. The museum board is also endeavoring to have a tabletop pictorial book on the history of the building published. “The Old Mill is celebrating its 100th golden anniversary this year and we are making plans for several celebrations to take place,” said Mr. Nelson… Construction of the two-storey pulp mill in Kagawong began in the spring of 1925. At that time, it would have been the only pulp mill on Manitoulin Island. By December of that year the first pulp was produced, ground from spruce and shipped by boat to Wisconsin to be made into paper for Sears-Roebuck catalogues. Spruce was abundently available and was needed to give the Sears-Roebuck catalogue pages a shiny finish.

Read More

120 years of the Forest Service

By Liz Cooper
US Department of Agriculture
March 31, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: United States

Honorary Forest Rangers

Did you know that Smokey Bear has his own zip code? Or that a quarter of U.S. ski resorts are located on national forests? To celebrate 120 years of the USDA Forest Service, we bring you these and 10 more fascinating facts about the agency whose motto is “Caring for the Land and Serving People.” In 1905, wood was in the forefront of American minds. Cities, railroads, communications and homes ran on wood – in fact, wood served as the main energy source in the U.S. until 1880. Its importance meant it had to be managed. Enter: the Forest Service. …There have only been three Honorary Forest Rangers to the Forest Service: actress Betty White, Rolling Stones’ keyboardist and musical director Chuck Leavell, and former California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. While these honors are recent, to become a forest ranger in 1905, you had to pass a challenging written test and a field exam. …The legend himself, Smokey Bear is the longest continuously running public service campaign in U.S. history.

Read More

Washington Forest History Interviews: Toby Murray, Murray Pacific Corp.

By Elisa Law
History Link
June 23, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: United States, US West

Lowell Thomas “Toby” Murray III (b. 1953) served as the president and CEO of the Murray Pacific Corporation from 2001 to 2017. Murray Pacific is a family-owned timber business founded by Lowell Murray, Sr. (1885-1971). In this June 2025 interview with HistoryLink’s Elisa Law, Murray recounts the 104-year history of the Murray Pacific’s business, from its establishment as the West Fork Timber Company in 1911 to its sale to Sierra Pacific Industries in 2015. Murray reflects on the successes and unique challenges faced by each generation. He discusses his grandfather’s pioneering efforts with selective logging in the 1920s and 1930s and how his father, Lowell Murray, Jr., engaged in a protracted battle with the St. Regis Paper Company in the 1970s to reclaim the family’s tree farm. He also talks about his experiences managing the family business, including restoring the family’s tree farm after years of mismanagement, and his experiences navigating a new era of environmental regulations.

Read More

How the Timber Economy Made Washington State

By Junius Rochester
Post Alley, Seattle
April 22, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: United States, US West

Despite cyclical economic conditions, our state’s wood products story remains a separate and dramatic story through local history. The beginning of this great activity may have begun in 1788 when English Captain John Meares took a shipload of Puget Sound spars to China. He never made delivery. A fierce storm caused him to jettison his load mid-Pacific. Four years later another English Captain named George Vancouver replaced a broken spar with a Puget Sound tree. Wood was used in the construction of fur-trading posts, of course, which led to the processing of logs for a variety of domestic and commercial use. In 1825, a Vancouver, Washington millwright named William Cannon first whipsawed logs into boards. The Hudson’s Bay Company, with headquarters then at Fort Vancouver, accepted shakes and shaved shingles from American settlers in exchange for general supplies. The first “permanent” mill on Puget Sound was built by Michael T. Simmons at Tumwater, Washington.

Read More

Beloved historic landmarks navigate an uncertain future after the Los Angeles fires

By Chloe Veltman
WBHM (Public Radio Alabama)
March 31, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: United States, US West

The former home of one of the world’s most famous western novelists, Zane Grey, was a Mediterranean Revival house designed with high, wood-beamed ceilings and airy balconies. “It had almost a cathedral vibe when you walked in,” said Nathaniel Grouille on a recent visit to the site.  Grouille is now facing a big question: How to rebuild the site in a way that preserves Grey’s legacy while protecting it from the inevitable future fires and other disasters resulting from the impacts of human-caused climate change? Returning the property to what it was in Zane Grey’s day isn’t on the agenda. “This structure was incredibly unique, using really high quality old-growth wood and products that just don’t exist today,” Grouille said… Conservation experts are familiar with this tension. “How can we ensure that we can adapt the historic materials without losing the power these places have?” said Seri Worden, senior director with the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

Read More

Author chops down historic myths of Northwoods lumberjacks

By Jeff Robbins
Wisconsin Public Radio News
April 10, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: United States, US East

There are many contradictory myths about Northwoods lumberjacks and the work they did in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were depicted as hard-living, violent men, but also as upstanding, conservation-minded gentlemen. Recently, Willa Hammitt Brown, the author of the book “Gentlemen of the Woods: Manhood, Myth and the American Lumberjack,” visited “The Larry Meiller Show” to help sort out logger legend from lumberjack reality. … Contrary to Paul Bunyan’s current folk hero status, Hammitt Brown recalled that in the earliest tale written about him — 1906’s “Round River Drive” — Bunyan was “a jerk.” The story depicted Bunyan as a dishonest logger who tricked his men into taking logs around and around the same river so that he would never have to pay them. …Hammitt Brown said lumberjacks, like other itinerant workers of the era, were feared and distrusted because of their lack of family ties or meaningful attachment to the community.

Read More

Forestry was born in western North Carolina

By Carolyn Ashworth
The Transylvania Times
March 21, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: United States, US East

The United States Forest Service is in the news a lot these days… It feels timely to reflect on how Pisgah National Forest is not only the birthplace of forestry but the backdrop for much of the development of the forest service itself. Before the forest service existed a young George Vanderbilt recognized our region’s beauty. He sent his staff to survey and buy property from local families who made claims to the land in what is now Pisgah. Dr. Carl Schenck, who founded the Biltmore Forest School, reported nearly 300 farms on these inholdings, particularly in the fertile Pink Beds area. …The same year the Biltmore Forest School was founded, Pinchot became chief of the Division of Forestry in the federal Department of Agriculture. When Roosevelt created the USFS in 1905, Pinchot became its first leader and many of Schenck’s alumni were among the ranks of his staff.

Read More

Steel of early Irish settlers forged in fires of suffering

By Andrew Hind
Bradford Today
March 16, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: Canada, US East

Among the wave of humanity that came to Canada in the 19th century were hundreds of thousands of Irish, some of whom ended up in Bradford. …Between 1815 and 1840, about 450,000 Irish migrated to the British North American colonies. Cheap labour was needed in lumber camps and for construction of the Welland Canal and the Rideau Canal. Canada represented a new hope. Irish migration was encouraged by leaflets circulated by Canadian lumber merchants and the British government. For their part, lumber merchants realized money could be made in loading their vessels with would-be settlers on the return trip from Britain. …Irish migration to Canada increased when Ireland was struck by the Potato Famine due to widespread starvation. During this period, more than one million Irish died from starvation and resultant diseases. Even more fled overseas, many to Canada. …In 1847 alone, at least 110,000 Irish left Irish and British ports for Canada. The tragedy is many didn’t make it. …On this St. Patrick’s Day, raise a toast to them.

Read More

Looking at the untold work of lumberjills during WWII

By Becky McCreary
My Herald Review
May 26, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: International

Rosie the Riveter, with her arm raised declared “We can do it,” is an iconic symbol of American women leaving the kitchen for factory and shipyard jobs during World War II. The need was the same in Great Britain, but those women worked out-of-doors on farms and in forests as part of the Women’s Land Army (WLA). Wood was a cheap material, used for telegraph poles, pit props in mines, on aircraft and ships and in the production of charcoal in explosives. Britain had lush forests but also imported timber from Norway. The German occupation of Norway caused a shortage of timber, and in April 1942 … the Women’s Timber Corps was added to the WLA. They were known as Lumber Jills, or lumberjills, a familiar connection with Lumber Jacks. …The most specialized skill was measuring, which included identifying trees for felling, assessing the timber in a tree and measuring the amount felled. 

Read More

Mud, water and wood: The system that kept a 1604-year-old city afloat

By Anna Bressanin
BBC News
March 26, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: International

As any local knows, Venice is an upside-down forest. The city, which turned 1604 years old on March 25, is built on the foundations of millions of short wooden piles, pounded in the ground with their tip facing downwards. These trees – larch, oak, alder, pine, spruce and elm of a length ranging between 3.5m (11.5ft) to less than 1m (3ft)  – have been holding up stone palazzos and tall belltowers for centuries, in a true marvel of engineering leveraging the forces of physics and nature… The Venetian piles technique is fascinating for its geometry, its centuries-old resilience, and for its sheer scale. No-one is exactly sure how many millions of piles there are under the city, but there are 14,000 tightly packed wooden poles in the foundations of the Rialto bridge alone, and 10,000 oak trees under the San Marco Basilica, which was built in 832AD.

Read More