Daily News for March 31, 2025

Today’s Takeaway

Ontario, Quebec and US Northeast hit with historic ice storm

Tree Frog Forestry News
March 31, 2025
Category: Today's Takeaway

An historic ice storm caused power outages and downed trees across Ontario, Quebec and the US Northeast. In Forestry news: Ontario bolsters staff ahead of 2025 wildfire season; fired Oklahoma Forestry Dept. head defends his work; Pennsylvania’s only national forest may see more logging; ENGO’s pan US plan to increase logging; conservation groups sue over North Carolina forest plan; and AI-powered drones track down forest fires in Germany.

In Business news: Trump’s trade war plans send world stock markets down; West Fraser is adapting to the uncertainty; Alberta’s Forest Minister plans a trade mission to Texas; OFIA’s Ian Dunn seeks collaboration with US homebuilders; and shuttered South Carolina paper mill looks to a future in biomass. Meanwhile: the BC Council of Forest Industries’ AGM kicks-off in Prince George this week—check here for daily updates!

Finally, meet the tree that likes being struck by lightning.

Kelly McCloskey, Tree Frog News Editor

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Froggy Foibles

Meet the tree that likes being struck by lightning

By Cheryl Santa Maria
The Weather Network
March 27, 2025
Category: Froggy Foibles
Region: International

The intense electrical charge delivered by a lightning strike can obliterate most foliage, especially in tropical regions where research suggests more than 800 million trees are destroyed each year due to lightning strikes. But …in some cases, lightning might benefit certain trees and provide a competitive advantage. Researchers, led by Evan Gora, a forest ecologist at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies …examined 93 trees that had been struck by lightning in central Panama. …According to the study, each lightning strike to a Dipteryx oleifera tree killed approximately 9.2 neighbouring trees due to the electricity traveling between branches or vines. This creates more space and resources for the Dipteryx oleifera. The trees also benefit from strikes because it helps remove parasitic vines called lianas, which can reduce light and nutrient availability. …In the long term, the lightning-strike tolerance of these trees could play a key role in forest planning and restoration efforts.

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Business & Politics

Fire at West Fraser quickly contained by fire crews

By Lauren Meister
Cochrane Now
March 28, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada West

COCHRAN, Alberta — A fire broke out at West Fraser Cochrane on Wednesday evening, prompting a swift response from Cochrane Fire Services. According to Fire Chief Shawn Polley, several calls came in reporting a vehicle fire in the company’s mulch lot. …”The staff at West Fraser did a great job moving the vehicle to an open area, giving fire crews good access and preventing the fire from spreading to nearby mulch or a log deck.” The on-duty crew quickly contained the blaze using a single hose line, and a water tender was brought in to ensure an adequate water supply. Thanks to the rapid response, the fire was fully suppressed within an hour. While the exact cause of the fire is still under investigation, Polley noted that equipment failure may have been a factor.

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Alberta Minister of Forestry and Parks to advocate for fair trade practices in Texas

By Jayk Sterkenburg
Chat News Today
March 30, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada West

Todd Loewen

A trade mission aims to highlight the importance of Alberta’s high-quality wood products and ensure continued access to the vital market, as Texas is Alberta’s largest U.S. market for lumber. From March 31 to April 3, Alberta’s Minister of Forestry and Parks Todd Loewen and a delegation from the Alberta Forest Products Association will meet with key government officials, industry representatives and advocacy groups in Texas. …Texas received $176 million worth of Alberta lumber in 2024, accounting for 17% of the province’s total lumber exports to the US. …Loewen said “Our wood products are vital to homebuilding and helping American businesses grow, and we are committed to ensuring this partnership continues to flourish”. …In 2024, $3 billion of Alberta forest products were exported to the U.S., representing 72% of Alberta’s total forest product exports. These exports included $1 billion worth of softwood lumber, $808 million worth of OSB, $704 million worth of kraft pulp.

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Cariboo’s West Fraser adapts to uncertainty

By Andie Mollins
The Williams Lake Tribune
March 29, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada West

As the Cariboo’s largest forestry company marks 70 years in the industry, the need to adapt to an ever-changing world continues to be a reality for West Fraser. With growing uncertainties in the wake of climate change and the current U.S. administration’s inconsistent and unreliable decision-making, West Fraser faces a multitude of challenges which require close monitoring and forward-thinking planning. …“Forests are complex ecosystems that require careful management for a range of environmental, social, economic and cultural values,” said Chad Swanson, the company’s chief forester of B.C. operations. The company harvests less than 0.5% of the forests it manages per year. …“At this point we continue to monitor the situation closely and are working with our Federal and Provincial governments to support them in their effort,” said Joyce Wagenaar, the company’s director of communications, in response to Black Press’ inquiry on the impacts of U.S. tariffs.

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Forestry is the focus as COFI brings annual conference to Prince George

The Prince George Citizen
March 29, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada West

Kim Haakstad

PRINCE GEORGE — The BC Council of Forest Industries (COFI) will hold its annual convention at the Prince George Conference and Civic Centre from Wednesday, April 2 to Friday, April 4. More than 600 delegates are expected, including industry executives, policymakers, and First Nations leaders. The theme of the conference is Where Do We Stand? Strategies for Competitiveness and Sustainability. …Discussions will focus on global trade, product diversification, wildfire resilience, and fibre supply, with opportunities for delegates to engage with decision-makers across the supply chain. Keynotes and panel discussions will cover topics such as global trade, sustainability, and wildfire resilience. The conference will also feature a trade show and networking opportunities. …A session on fibre availability will feature insights from former BC cabinet minister George Abbott, while BC Forests Minister Ravi Parmar will provide an address on the future of forestry in the province.

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Tariffs a ‘real opportunity’ for made-in-Ontario supply chain: OFIA president

By Marissa Lentz-McGrath
Timmins Today
March 29, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada East

Ian Dunn

Ontario’s forestry sector is feeling the weight of ongoing trade disputes and potential new tariffs. In talks with the US and industry leaders, Ontario Forest Industries Association president Ian Dunn said the message is about collaboration. …“We met with the National Association of Home Builders. Obviously, they’re very concerned about the pricing of construction materials. They’re looking for free trade, and they are a very loud voice.” …“But at the end of the day, the Ontario industry is going to have very little sway or impact on the Trump administration. It’s going to require Americans talking to their administration.” …Given the heavy reliance on the U.S. market — where 97% of Ontario’s forestry exports go — Dunn sees diversification as a necessary step. …“I’m hopeful that there will be a settlement on a softwood lumber dispute. I’m hopeful that Canada and the US will find a path forward on tariffs in general,” he said.

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Dean, Whitehouse Lead Bicameral Bill to Preserve Northern Rockies Ecosystem

Office of Rep. Madeleine Dean, Pennsylvania
March 27, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: United States, US West

WASHINGTON, D.C. – U.S. Representative Madeleine Dean (D-PA) and U.S. Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) introduced legislation to protect more than 23 million acres of public land in Idaho, Montana, Washington, Oregon, and Wyoming — safeguarding endangered and threatened species, preserving biodiversity, and combating climate change by preserving millions of trees that serve as a carbon sink. In addition to roughly 20 million acres of federally protected wilderness, the NREPA would also designate: Specified federal lands as biological connecting corridors and as special corridor management areas; Segments of specified rivers and creeks in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming as components of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System; and Specified areas as wildland recovery areas. Wildland recovery plans would be required for each recovery area. Full bill text is available here.

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Site of former Georgetown paper mill to turn into biomass plant, senator says

By Caleb McCusker
Georgetown County News
March 28, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: United States, US East

GEORGETOWN, South Carolina — The site of the former International Paper mill in Georgetown that closed last year is soon set to turn into a biomass plant, state Sen. Stephen Goldfinch of Murrells Inlet said. “I can confirm the plant is slated to be (primarily) a bio mass plant,” Goldfinch said. “There will be other stuff there as well, but that will be the primary function.”mBiomass is organic matter that’s derived from living or recently living organisms, primarily plants and animals, and can be used as a source of energy or other materials.,No additional information about the plans, including who is behind the project, was immediately available. The paper mill closed permanently in December. It employed 674 people before its closure.

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Finance & Economics

Canada’s GDP grew 0.4% in January, following a 0.3% increase in December

Statistics Canada
March 28, 2025
Category: Finance & Economics
Region: Canada

Real gross domestic product (GDP) grew 0.4% in January, following a 0.3% increase in December. Both goods-producing and services-producing industries were up, with 13 of 20 sectors rising in January. …Construction rose 0.7% in January as most types of construction activity were up. Residential building construction (+1.4%) was the largest contributor to the increase in January, posting its fifth increase in six months and bringing activity to its highest level since November 2023. Higher multi-unit construction activity in Ontario and greater activity in home alterations and improvements drove the increase in January 2025. Repair construction was up 1.2% in January, while non-residential building construction (+1.2%) posted its sixth consecutive increase, driven by higher activity in public and industrial building construction in January.

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Wall Street joins global sell-off as Trump tariffs fuel recession fears

By Graeme Wearden
The Guardian
March 31, 2025
Category: Finance & Economics
Region: United States, International

Donald Trump’s trade war is alarming the global markets, sending shares sliding in their worst month in over two years. Stock markets across the Asia-Pacific region are in retreat this morning, as investors fear Trump will announce swingeing new tariffs on Wednesday, which has been dubbed “Liberation Day” by the US president. Japan’s Nikkei has lost 3.9%, down 1,457 points at 35,662 points today, while South Korea’s KOSPI is down 3%, Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 has fallen 1.7%. In China, which has already been hit by Trump tariffs this year. the CSI 300 is 0.9% lower. …Today’s selloff comes after Donald Trump told reporters that the reciprocal tariffs he is set to announce this week will include all nations. …On Friday, core inflation rose by more than expected, while consumer sentiment weakened to its lowest level since 2022. 

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Wood, Paper & Green Building

Nelson timber plant provides green materials for new Parliament buildings

The New Zealand Press
March 28, 2025
Category: Wood, Paper & Green Building
Region: International

NEW ZEALAND — Green construction materials from the top of the South Island will be used in new multi-storey buildings being constructed at Parliament. Nelson Pine Industries will be providing more than 700 cubic meters of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) timber, which will form part of the mass timber frame for the Museum St building, instead of using steel or concrete. Company chief executive Kai Kruse said the LVL timber, which was made using only logs from the top of the South Island, had a high level of seismic resilience. “As well as being lighter and stronger than traditional steel or concrete structures, using a mass timber frame was the more environmentally conscious choice,” he said. The framing will arrive in Wellington from April in partly-assembled sections and will be installed three storeys a time.

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Under the canopy: Jakob+Macfarlane reframes Avignon library with undulating shelving

Designboom
March 29, 2025
Category: Wood, Paper & Green Building
Region: International

AVIGNON, FRANCE — In Avignon, Jakob+MacFarlane has transformed a dated library into a civic icon for the future, all without erasing its past. The newly reopened Madeleine Renaud and Jean-Louis Barrault Library, now dubbed The Canopy, is both a renovation and a reinvention, complete with a rooftop metaphor and a structural nod toward the digital age. Originally designed in 1985 by architects Jacques Prunis and Béatrice Douine, the library sat squarely in the French city’s Saint-Chamand district. Jakob+MacFarlane’s intervention … recasts the building as a symbol of community rebirth. …the design concept by Jakob+MacFarlane centers on the powerful metaphor of a tree.  …the structure offers shelter, light, energy, and growth. The soaring central staircase — its flanks lined with bookshelves — evokes a trunk rising skyward, while the expansive new roof functions as a literal canopy. Constructed from cross-laminated timber and embedded with solar panels, it provides both shade and sustainable energy.

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Forestry

New Report shows repeat spraying of BC and New Brunswick forests, contrary to federal approval

By Safe Food Matters Inc.
Cision Newswire
March 28, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada

TORONTO – A new report shows pesticides are sprayed on Canadian forests up to 7 times in the forestry cycle, not just once – as assumed in Health Canada’s approval for spraying. It also shows the risks to people eating forest foods, including Indigenous people and foragers, have not been assessed. The report, written by Safe Food Matters, presents data compiled by the Wilderness Committee and Stop Spraying New Brunswick showing cutblocks in New Brunswick and British Columbia have been sprayed 2, 3 or more times with glyphosate, the main pesticide used in forestry. It presents evidence that many Indigenous people eat forest foods, putting them at risk. Recent science from the University of Northern BC shows glyphosate accumulates and persists for years in forest plants like berries and roots. Based on the report, groups are signing an Open Letter to the Health Minister to cancel the approval.

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Island Forests clearcut protestors request three-year moratorium extension

News Talk 650 CKOM
March 30, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

PRINCE ALBERT, SASK — As an important deadline approaches, concerned members of a forest protection group in the Prince Albert area are calling on the provincial government to extend a moratorium for clear-cutting in the Island Forests. According to the Government of Saskatchewan, the Island Forests comprise the Canwood, Nisbet, Fort-a-la-Corne and Torch River provincial forests in north central Saskatchewan, with a total area of approximately 227,000 hectares. Over 60 people showed up at meeting last week at Crutwell Community Hall, representing Sturgeon Lake First Nation and Wahpeton Dakota Nation, as well as non-indigenous people who live and farm in the area. …Concerns with the government’s Island Forest Timber Harvest Operating Plan first came to light in January 2024 when over half a dozen people showed up at the forestry centre in downtown Prince Albert. …Roughly three months later, the provincial government announced a one-year moratorium.

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See the Ice Damage That Prompted States of Emergency in Ontario

By the Weather Network
YouTube
March 30, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada East

A weekend ice storm hit hard in regions of southern Ontario with hundreds of thousands left in the dark, and significant damage across several communities. 

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Devastating ice storms drop trees and power lines across central Ontario

By Cheryl Browne
CTV News
March 31, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada East

Dark streetlights, four-way stop rules in effect, trees lying across well-travelled roads, cold inside the homes and trees pop and crack signalling more destruction above. An ice storm the likes of which this area hasn’t seen in a decade has decimated the power grids, retail and business industries and yes, social media and the internet. Seemingly closed off to the rest of Ontario, areas from Newmarket and farther north to Huntsville and beyond can only watch as more trees fall, more power lines pop off from their tethers and relatives, too, remain in the dark without our social media lifelines. …In Muskoka, a State of Emergency has been called. Residents are urged to staff home and off the roads. …As of Monday morning, at 7:15 a.m., there are still almost 400,000 Hydro One customers affected by the power outages.

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Province of Ontario bolsters staff in preparation for 2025 wildland fire season

By Kris Ketonen
CBC News
March 28, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada East

The Province of Ontario says it’s prepared for the fast-approaching 2025 wildland fire season. The new season starts on April 1, and preparations have included filling more than 100 new, permanent positions to help support forest fire fighting operations, said Chris Marchand, fire information officer with Aviation, Forest Fire and Emergency Services (AFFES). …Exactly how busy this season will be remains unknown, Marchand said, as it’s very difficult to predict how intense a fire season will be. …Marchand said the previous winter saw “somewhat normal” snowfall patterns across Ontario. …Marchand noted, however, that the 2024 fire season was slower than usual — 480 fires were reported, down from the 10-year, seasonal average of 700 fires. The Province of Ontario said it partnered with the federal government last year to invest $64 million in the provincial wil

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Logging is quietly ravaging US forests. Trump is taking an axe to protections

By Jennifer Skene, NRDC
The Guardian
March 31, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, International

The world is running out of time to halt deforestation. Yet instead of stepping up, the US is dismantling forest protections and undermining global progress – highlighting the dangers of global forest policy that fails to hold the wealthiest, most powerful countries accountable. …But the latest actions by the US highlight just how dangerous and unbalanced this paradigm is. …Under the pretense of national security, Trump’s orders aim to gut environmental safeguards and fast-track industrial clearcutting in some of the US’s most precious and climate-critical forests. …Meanwhile, as Europe strengthens forest accountability, US state officials are pushing to exempt the country from new deforestation protections.. These officials, echoing industry talking points, are urging the EU to exclude US wood products from a law requiring due diligence to prevent imports or exports tied to deforestation or forest degradation. Their argument? That the US doesn’t need oversight.

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Women in the Woods program seeks to boost female participation in forestry

Bty Applied and Natural Sciences
Louisiana Tech University News
March 28, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US East

The Women in the Woods program, developed by Louisiana Tech University professors Dr. Heidi Adams and Dr. Nan Nan, is designed to encourage young women to explore careers in forestry through mentorship, community outreach, and hands-on learning. The initiative, supported by the USDA NIFA Women and Minorities in STEM Fields Program, has recently received a $200,000 grant. “Our goal is to create an inclusive, supportive environment for young women interested in forestry,” said Adams. “This program offers real-world insights into the profession and inspires young women to consider forestry as a viable career path.” A recent survey of female college students with forestry-related leadership experience found that many women do not view forestry as a potential career because they rarely see women represented in the field.

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Historic ice storm cripples northern Michigan, leaves 90,000 without power

By Myesha Johnson and Anne Snabes
The Detroit News
March 30, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US East

MICHIGAN — A crippling ice storm in northern Michigan has knocked out power to at least 90,000 residential and business customers. As of midday Sunday, half an inch to three-quarters of an inch of ice had accumulated in much of northeast Lower Michigan, and an inch and a half had accumulated in Elmira, near Gaylord. …Virtually all customers of the Presque Isle Electric & Gas Co-op and Alpena Power Co. were without power Sunday, some for more than 30 hours. Presque Isle reported about 32,000 electric members and reported about 32,000 outages. Alpena Power serves about 16,750 electric customers covering 250 square miles in the northeastern Lower Peninsula of Michigan and said 99% of its customers were without power. The two utilities serve much of Michigan’s northeastern Lower Peninsula. “This storm is unlike anything we have experienced,” Presque Ile co-op president and CEO Allan Berg said.

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Former Head Of Oklahoma Forestry Department Speaks Out Following Firing

By Christian Hans
News9.com
March 31, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US East

Mark Goeller

OKLAHOMA — The former head of the Oklahoma Forestry Service is speaking out after he was fired by Gov. Kevin Stitt for his agency’s response to a wildfire outbreak earlier this month. Mark Goeller, who was let go by the state on March 26, posed on social media Sunday evening, claiming he has been falsely accused of not meeting the standards required by his position. …”The Agency to which I dedicated over 40 years of my life was said to have performed poorly. Preparations were made well in advance, the public was notified of the impending fire danger, firefighting resources were ordered and in place.” He said nothing was held back regarding his agency’s response to the wildfires, and it was because of their efforts the fires were not as impactful as they could have been.

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Conservation Groups sue U.S. Forest Service over controversial Nantahala-Pisgah Forest Plan

The Southern Environmental Law Center
March 28, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US East

ASHEVILLE, N.C. — A coalition of conservation groups sued the U.S. Forest Service over its Nantahala-Pisgah Forest Plan, arguing the agency violated federal law by downplaying the harmful impacts of a dramatic expansion in logging and by failing to include binding standards to restore important native ecosystems. The Plan guides the long-term future of North Carolina’s Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests… The Nantahala-Pisgah Forest Plan outlines where activities like logging and roadbuilding will occur and sets objectives for future timber harvests. The Plan will determine what happens on these Forests for a generation. The Forest Service was handed a collaboratively developed Forest Plan proposal that allowed for logging while minimizing harmful impacts. However, the agency rejected the compromise out of hand in favor of a Plan that aims to quintuple the amount of logging in the Nantahala and Pisgah National Forests and expand logging and roadbuilding into sensitive habitats. 

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Allegheny National Forest could see more logging under Trump, local officials hope

By Abigail Hakas
Pittsburgh Union Progress
March 30, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US East

PITTSBURG, Pennsylvania — Local officials are pushing for more logging in Pennsylvania’s only national forest, and the federal government might grant their wish. President Trump warned of a reliance on imported wood amid threat of Canadian lumber tariffs and called for more logging in federal forests. The Allegheny National Forest spans over 500,000 acres, drawing thousands of people for camping, hunting, boating and other outdoor activities. Local officials can’t rely on property tax from the federal land, but they do receive a 25% share of revenue from timber sales in their counties. mOfficials hope for increased timber sales to generate more cash for their budgets. …U.S. Rep. Glenn Thompson, R-Centre County, “I welcome reforms that will ensure a robust forest industry, strengthen rural economies and benefit local education.” …“I am in favor of [increased logging], but it has to be done wisely. You can’t overcut,” said Ken Klakamp, Warren County commissioner.

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AI-powered drones track down fires in German forests

By Stebastien Ash
Phys.org
March 30, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: International

GERMANY — Inside a green orb planted in the German countryside is a high-tech aid to prevent wildfires. The installation, resembling a giant golf ball covered in solar panels, is the hangar for an AI-powered drone that its developer hopes one day will be able to sniff out and extinguish new blazes in minutes. “Fires are spreading much faster and more aggressively than in the past,” Carsten Brinkschulte, the CEO of the German firm Dryad, said at a demonstration of the technology. …Dryad is in the running with 29 other teams from around the globe for a multi-million-dollar prize to develop the ability to autonomously put out fires within 10 minutes. During Dryad’s demonstration on Thursday—the first for a computer-steered wildfire detection drone according to the company—chemicals in smoke from burning wood were picked up by sensors distributed in the forest.

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Carbon, Climate & Bioenergy

Losing forest carbon stocks could put climate goals out of reach

Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
March 27, 2025
Category: Carbon, Climate & Bioenergy
Region: International

In the past, intact forests absorbed 7.8 billion tonnes of CO₂ annually – about a fifth of all human emissions – but their carbon storage is increasingly at risk from climate change and human activities such as deforestation. A new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) shows that failing to account for the potentially decreasing ability of forests to absorb CO₂ could make reaching the Paris agreement targets significantly harder, if not impossible, and much more costly. “Right now, our climate strategies bet on forests not only remaining intact, but even expanding,” explains Michael Windisch, the study’s lead author and PIK guest scientist. “However, with escalating wildfires like in California, and continued deforestation in the Amazon, that’s a gamble. Climate change itself puts forests’ immense carbon stores at risk.” … “We must act immediately to safeguard the carbon stored in forests,” Windisch emphasises. 

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Forest Fires

Wildfires extinguished after 213 hours, at least 30 killed

By Jung Da-hyun
The Korea Times
March 30, 2025
Category: Forest Fires
Region: International

Police began investigating a 56-year-old man on suspicion of igniting the wildfires that ravaged southeastern Korea over the past 10 days, leaving 30 dead and burning up vast stretches of land. According to the police on Sunday, the suspect allegedly started the fire around 11:24 a.m. on March 22 while conducting an ancestral rite at a family grave on a hill in Uiseong, North Gyeongsang Province. He has been accused of violating the Forest Protection Act. The flames quickly spread from Uiseong to nearby areas including Andong, Cheongsong, Yeongyang and Yeongdeok in the province. The fire continued to rage for days, making it the most destructive in the country’s history. The suspect denied the allegations against him, according to police.

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Forest History & Archives

Telegraph Cove: From wilderness to community, from flames to new hope

By Alison Liebel
Parksville Qualicum Beach News
March 30, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: Canada, Canada West

TELEGRAPH COVE, BC — Many North Island communities are saddened by the news of the fire at Telegraph Cove on Dec. 31, 2024 as images of the blaze consuming the historic mill building and the Whale Interpretive Centre were startling. …Telegraph Cove is a rare reminder of early industrial life on the coast. In 1909, Alfred Marmaduke “Duke” Wastell was recruited to manage a struggling box-making factory in Alert Bay, also known as ‘Yalis. It was to make the shipping boxes for the cannery operated by BC Fishing and Packing Co. ‘Yalis, with a population of 230, was a hub of economic activity, driven by its booming fishing and logging industries. Logging operations dotted the coastline, but getting timber to market was difficult. …In 1912, the federal government began constructing a telephone and telegraph line stretching from Campbell River to Northern Vancouver Island. At that time, ‘Yalis served as the headquarters for commercial interests, and the superintendent of telegraphs wanted to set up a telegraph station nearby.

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