Daily News for January 07, 2021

Today’s Takeaway

Fibre-based food packaging – a diversification opportunity

January 7, 2021
Category: Today's Takeaway

Fibre-based food packaging is an opportunity for the pulp and paper industry, as evidenced by Paper Excellence’s recent Port Alberni, BC investment. In other Business news: the pandemic continues to drive housing, with upsides for sustainable wood production. Companies in the news include: Norbord (shareholder considerations on West Fraser bid); Kalesnikoff (mass timber expansion); and Fibre Excellence (pollution trial).

In other news: identifying Canada’s conservation hot spots; repurposing military equipment to fight wildfires in the US; California wildfire emissions’ (GHG) car-equivalent; Austria’s close-to-nature fire management approach; and a research breakthrough in support of chlorine-free biomass production. On the Safety front: forest service road safety in BC; a logging truck collision in the BC Interior and a 15-car lumber derailment in Oregon

Finally, feeling snacky? Check out these recipes on “how to eat your Christmas tree“.

Kelly McCloskey, Tree Frog Editor

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Froggy Foibles

Have you considered eating your Christmas tree?

US 99 – Chicago’s Hottest Country Radio
January 6, 2021
Category: Froggy Foibles
Region: International

There’s a new cookbook out from a, quote, “artisan baker and cook” in the U.K. named Julia Georgallis called “How to Eat Your Christmas Tree”. And it features dozens of recipes you can make using your tree. For example, Christmas-Cured Fish uses almost a pound of needles for decoration and flavoring.  With Christmas Tree Pickles, you throw a handful of needles into a jar with your pickles for a month. There’s even ICE CREAM flavored with blue spruce needles and ginger. Julia says she created the book so people would get better use out of their trees . . . rather than chopping down 30 million trees every year and then throwing them away.

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Business & Politics

Norbord – What The Takeover Proposal From West Fraser Timber Means For Shareholders

By Steven Broderick
Seeking Alpha
January 6, 2021
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, United States

West Fraser Timber has launched a friendly bid to acquire Norbord, offering Norbord shareholders 44% of the new company. …West Fraser’s takeover offer would create a larger, more diversified company. With lumber prices showing signs of weakness, the value of the takeover offer has significant downside risk. While the deal looks like a win-win, it may also be a strong signal that it is time for Norbord shareholders to take some profits. …Should the deal proceed, shareholders of Norbord will own an interest in a larger and more diversified company that will benefit from some post-transaction synergies. …One of the clear benefits to Norbord shareholders is a stronger balance sheet in the new West Fraser Timber. …For investors of Norbord entitled to receive shares in the new West Fraser Timber, the takeover offer looks like reasonable value and a net positive for the company.

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Port Alberni paper mill capitalizes on convenience food trend

By Susie Quinn
The Alberni Valley News
January 6, 2021
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada West

When Paper Excellence Canada announced in mid-December it will invest $13 million in its Port Alberni mill to increase production of food grade paper, it was the company’s response to a pivot in restaurant trends. And while Canadians have taken food delivery to new heights during coronavirus pandemic, this shift was already happening, says Port Alberni general manager Marc Bodin. …“We’ve been working very hard for the last two years to develop food grade products and demonstrate that we can do it here,” he said. “It’s been the ingenuity and hard work of the people that work here in this facility that made it happen.” …The timing seems right. …Detailed engineering for the project will start shortly, followed by procurement of equipment. Paper Excellence anticipates the project will be finished in the latter half of 2021.

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Inside Kalesnikoff’s $35M mass timber facility

By Ellen Cools
Wood Business – Canadian Forest Industries
January 6, 2021
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada West

Kalesnikoff has a long history of focusing on value-added products, so moving into mass timber was the next logical step for them, Andrew Stiffman, Kalesnikoff’s senior business development manager. …Denmark-based Kallesoe Machinery was the main equipment supplier. …The company plans to add a second shift to the facility by the end of the year, so Chris expects they will be fully operational by the middle of next year. Currently, Kalesnikoff employs 170 people at both their sawmill and mass timber facility, and is “continuing to grow at a pretty rapid pace,” Chris says. …Kalesnikoff already has multiple projects set to be delivered at the end of the year and the first half of 2021, such as a multi-family residential building in Vancouver and a student residence in Toronto.

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Ontario Supporting Forestry Jobs and Worker Safety

Government of Ontario News
January 6, 2021
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada East

The Ontario government is investing $5.3 million, provided through the federal Forest Sector Safety Measures Fund, to help small and medium sized forest sector businesses offset the cost of COVID-19 safety measures. The funding will be used for initiatives such as setting up sanitizing stations, providing enhanced cleaning, additional worker training, measures to increase physical distancing, and to purchase personal protective equipment. “Our government is committed to the ongoing economic recovery and growth of the forestry industry,” said John Yakabuski, Minister of Natural Resources and Forestry. “This funding will help businesses within this crucial sector overcome the economic challenges they face, ensuring they can continue to keep their doors open, while protecting workers and the communities where they live.”… government deemed the forestry industry an essential sector due to its vital role in supplying essential forest products for hygiene, medical supplies, food packaging and shipping materials.

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Is the Roadless Rule Exemption a Highway to Environmental Hell?

By Katherine McKeen
The Regulatory Review
January 7, 2021
Category: Business & Politics
Region: United States, US West

The U.S. government has opened up to logging an Alaskan forest known as “the lungs of the North America,” despite the collapse of consumer demand for timber in recent decades. In response, Alaskans have protested that more logging threatens the only booming industry in their region: ecotourism. The protests center on a new rule from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) that exempts the Tongass National Forest from the “roadless rule,” a regulation that limits road construction and timber harvesting in designated wild areas. … Supporters of the new Tongass exemption from the roadless rule argue that rolling back protections in the Tongass will boost the Alaskan economy.  …  9.4 million acres are now open to development, the other 7 million acres of Tongass forestland are still protected. On the other hand, Alaskan communities and natives have protested the recent Tongass exemption. Ninety-six percent of public comments on USDA’s proposal to lift the development ban objected to the idea.

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Local lumber mill focuses on fire damage

By Vanessa Ochavillo
Half Moon Bay Review
January 6, 2021
Category: Business & Politics
Region: United States, US West

Months after the CZU Lightning Complex Fire swept through parts of San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties, foresters are hard at work measuring the extent of the damage. That includes the staff at Big Creek Lumber. With about 7,500 of the 8,000 acres of Big Creek Lumber’s timber forests burned, the company’s foresters expect to remain busy salvaging damaged wood for the next two to three years, affecting the supply of lumber in the foreseeable future. The company’s lumber mill in Davenport, the only saw mill on the Coastside, will almost exclusively process salvaged wood over that time. The company will have to forgo healthier stands of timber coming from landowners from outside the area in order to prioritize its own harvest and those of small landowners impacted by the fire, said Janet Webb, president and chief forester at Big Creek Lumber.

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Pollution Trial of Canada-Owned Pulp Mill Opens in France

Courthouse News Service
January 6, 2021
Category: Business & Politics
Region: International

TARASCON, France — A Canadian-owned paper pulp company went on trial on Wednesday for flouting emissions rules at its mill in southern France, the country’s biggest. Fibre Excellence, owned by Paper Excellence which is headquartered in British Columbia, has been charged with “emitting polluting substances,” notably heavy metals and nitrogen oxide gas. …Dozens of plaintiffs, including environmental associations, were present in the courtroom, as was the mill’s CEO, Roger Girard. …The plant is France’s biggest pulp mill, according to Fibre Excellence’s president Jean-Francois Guillot. The company entered bankruptcy proceedings in October and secured a government loan of $8.7 million after its owners declined to help. According to the French finance ministry, the company is of strategic value for the paper and pulp industry in southern France, using 1.2 tons of timber per year.

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Finance & Economics

Single-Family Housing Market Thriving

Contractor Magazine
January 6, 2021
Category: Finance & Economics
Region: Canada, United States

MARLTON, New Jersey – While the pandemic may have slowed down many sectors of the economy, the residential housing market has held strong and will continue to thrive in 2021, post-pandemic. That’s the assessment of a leading TD Bank economist, who recently provided an economic forecast for construction professionals. …Pent-up demand during the shutdown, along with historically low interest rates, were the prime movers in the uptick in single-family homes. That demand hasn’t carried over to multi-family dwellings, such as apartment complexes, noted Admir Kolaj. …The webinar highlighted several other economic trends: Commercial project starts will continue to struggle under the weight of the pandemic. …Enforced closures and consumers shopping much more online have contributed to increased vacancies in retail. Office vacancies have risen too as more people work from home during COVID.

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Fiber-Based Food Packaging – an Opportunity for Specialty Papers

By Pirita Huotari
Forests2Market Blog
January 6, 2021
Category: Finance & Economics
Region: Canada, United States

The global conversation surrounding sustainability and the ways in which we can incorporate more sustainable initiatives into our lives… presents a golden opportunity for the pulp and paper industry when it comes to developing innovative, sustainable packaging substitutes — specifically, fiber-based food packaging. With several major food corporations like McDonalds making the commitment to transition to 100% fiber-based packaging by 2025, a whole range of new opportunities has opened up for the P&P industry. …While many plastics can technically be recycled, some plastic types are more difficult to recycle and biodegradability remains problematic, which is the perfect opportunity for the paper industry to present substitute alternatives. …In order to be a successful substitution, fiber-based packaging needs to outperform the competition and be cost competitive, and many companies are currently developing strategies, products, prototypes, etc.

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Wood, Paper & Green Building

COVID-19 brings good news and bad for sustainable wood production

By Thais Linhares-Juvenal, Senior Forestry Officer at the FAO
Global Landscapes Forum
January 6, 2021
Category: Wood, Paper & Green Building
Region: International

Before COVID-19 hit, increasing the production and use of sustainable wood was already a major challenge. Substitute materials, such as plastic, concrete and metal can be – at least on the face of it – cheaper. Consumers still hold a perception of wood production as a driver of environmental damage and inequity. And unfortunately, in some cases, they can be right: unsustainable practices, from production to consumption, may be rife. But actions towards legality and sustainability are prospering, supporting livelihoods across the world and providing a pathway out of extreme poverty to many forest dependent communities. Wood products from sustainably managed forests, have huge potential to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals. The Sustainable Wood for a Sustainable World initiative, formed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and partners, conducted a survey of almost 250 people working across wood value chains worldwide.

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Forestry

Identifying Canada’s key conservation hot spots highights problem

By Matthew G.E. Mitchell et al
McGill University Newsroom
January 5, 2021
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada

First of its kind mapping of most important spots for freshwater, recreation and carbon storage provides tool for conservation decisions. To stop biodiversity loss, Canada recently committed to protecting 30% of its land and sea by 2030. But making conservation decisions about where to locate new protected areas is complicated. It depends on data both about biodiversity and about a range of benefits (e.g. freshwater, climate regulation, recreation) that people get from nature. Surprisingly, despite the size of the country, new mapping suggests that less than 1% of Canada’s land (0.6% of total area or approximately 56,000 km2) is a hotspot, providing all these benefits in one place. Moreover, the study published today in Environmental Research Letters suggests that some of the most critical areas where people receive these key benefits from nature do not occur within currently protected areas and may be threatened by current or future natural resource extraction.

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Mt. Begbie protection possibly a stepping stone for new Revelstoke land-use plans

By Liam Harrap
The Revelstoke Review
January 6, 2021
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

The moratorium on recent commercial recreation developments on Mt. Begbie is the first step towards new land use plans for Revelstoke, said a local conservation organization. …Last summer a local petition garnered over 1,300 signatures after the provincial government previously denied protecting the mountain. In December the province reversed its decision and granted a section 17 order for almost 6,000 hectares of land, preventing any new commercial recreation applications on Mt. Begbie until Dec. 13, 2025. …Although the province has paused new commercial recreation developments on Mt. Begbie, applications for industrial activities such as logging and mining have not been halted. There are several planned logging cuts by BC Timber Sales below the mountain, according to the conservation group Wilderness Committee. The province confirmed to Black Press small logging projects are planned on the lower reaches of the mountain in the near future.

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Kwakiutl Nations calling for a ban on logging on Douglas Treaty land – VIDEO

Global News
January 6, 2021
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Ross Hunt, the Elected Chief of the Kwakiutl First Nations, discusses the cultural significance and economic value of the Douglas Treaty land and the impact of current logging practices. [Click the read more link to watch the 3 minute video interview]

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LETTER: Old growth forests are worth more standing than they are logged

Letter by Eddie Petryshen
Revelstoke Review
January 6, 2021
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Caribou will use recently logged areas to access lichen on fallen limbs and trees, but only until they are buried in the next heavy snowfall. Tree lichens only grow in mature or old forests. Logging not only eliminates the caribou’s winter food source for at least 80-100 years, but puts them at greater risk of predation. Mountain caribou have adapted to avoid predators by living in small groups and spreading themselves out across the landscape in old growth ecosystems and migrating elevationally to avoid predators and capitalize on food sources. In early winter they are in low elevation old growth cedar hemlock stands where weather hearty foods like Falsebox can be found. In late winter, they move up into old Engelmann spruce-Subalpine fir where they use the deep snowpack to access tree lichens. Putting logging roads and cutblocks throughout their habitat brings in species that are adapted to young forests like elk, moose and deer.

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Less than 3 Weeks to Catch the Early Bird Rate – Only $75!

The Association of BC Forest Professionals
January 6, 2021
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

The early bird registration fee for the 2021 ABCFP Forestry Conference and AGM, scheduled for February 3–5, 2021, is just $75 (plus GST). While the past three in-person conferences sold out, one of the benefits of a virtual conference is no limit on the number of people who can attend. Be sure to register before January 22, 2021 to receive the early bird rate. View the conference schedule and register on our new . Be sure to bookmark the website because it’s your portal to all conference sessions. All 2021 ABCFP Forestry Conference sessions will be available to watch for 90 days following the conclusion of the conference.

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Protester camped out at Grand Parade in downtown Halifax told to move on

By Francis Campbell
The Chronicle Herald
January 6, 2021
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada East

Jacob Fillmore

The lone protester who for three weeks has occupied a tiny portion of the Grand Parade in downtown Halifax has been told to move on. “I regret to inform you that I have been asked to leave the Grand Parade,” Jacob Fillmore said in describing his eviction notice in an email message Wednesday afternoon. “There was a Halifax bylaw compliance officer and someone from Halifax Regional Municipal parks (department),” said Fillmore, a 25-year-old Haligonian. …Fillmore set up his small two-man tent in mid-December, encountering cold temperatures and snow through a quiet and Covid holiday season, to protest government inaction on protecting trees and the environment. Posting signs that read Stop Ecocide and Nova Scotia Needs Forestry Reform near his temporary digs, Fillmore said he was “protesting a lack of action on environmental issues such as climate change and species extinction by the provincial government.” [We respect the copyrights of the source publication – full access may require a subscription]

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Unique Forest Service Program Saves Money and Lives with Innovative Technology

By Lily Palmer
USDA.gov
January 6, 2021
Category: Forestry
Region: United States

Gifford Pinchot, founding father of the USDA Forest Service, revolutionized American forestry in the late 1800s and recognized the need for science-based forestry. The Forest service embraces innovation, science and technology to this day, and one program has exemplified that spirit … Shortly after World War II ended in 1945, the United States found itself with a sudden surplus of military equipment… the Forest Service jumped at this peacetime opportunity and created the National Technology and Development Program. This program established two centers in California and Montana tasked with repurposing this surplus military equipment to better fight wildfires. They refined harnesses, parachutes, and other equipment used in the deployment of firefighters from aircraft to fight fire more effectively in remote locations. To this day, firefighters still rely on these and other life-saving advances like rappelling and parachuting equipment, as well as the portable fire shelter, which has saved more than 300 lives.

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Save the Redwoods League buys Cascade Creek

By August Howell
Half Moon Bay Review
January 6, 2021
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US West

Though wildfires blazed through Cascade Creek in the summer of 2020, signs of nature’s resurgence are already showing. Many second-growth redwoods and some of the underbrush are sprouting as winter brings a welcome, wetter time. For years, Save the Redwoods League has sought to attain Cascade Creek, which contains a sprawling mix of second- and old-growth redwoods. Before the CZU Lightning complex fires raged, the league had already reached a deal with landowners. On Dec. 9, the league officially announced the purchase of the property’s 564 acres, located between Big Basin Redwoods and Año Nuevo state parks, for $9.6 million. It bought the property from the Holmes family …[who] wanted to ensure it would be protected and public for future generations… “This year’s fires have amplified our need to protect the coast redwood forest,” league President and CEO Sam Hodder said. “We need resilient habitat in the face of a changing climate.

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Public/private effort cleans up Grizzly remains

By Bill Bradshaw
Wallowa County Chieftain
January 6, 2021
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US West

A combined effort of public agencies and the private timber industry are in the process of cleaning up the remains of the 2015 Grizzly Bear fire that burned more than 74,000 acres west of Troy. Wallowa County Commissioners Todd Nash and John Hillock were instrumental in prodding the U.S. Forest Service to sell what it initially considered a nearly worthless timber sale, said David Schmidt, of Integrated Biomass Resources in Wallowa. “Commissioners Nash and Hillock invited the Forest Service to see what needs to be done,” Schmidt said Wednesday, Dec. 30. “It’s a good example of everyone working together to make it happen.” IBR produces firewood, fenceposts and poles at its mill in Wallowa, employing 25 people full time, Schmidt said. “It’s a really positive contributor to keeping 25 full-time jobs going,” he said. … “This is a really cool timber sale in that it was dead wood that was going to be burned.”

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California’s 2020 Wildfire Emissions Akin to 24 Million Cars

By Emily C. Dooley
Bloomberg Law
January 5, 2021
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US West

California’s 2020 wildfire season thwarted the state’s fight against climate change, spewing enough carbon dioxide into the air to equal the emissions of millions of passenger vehicles driving over the course of a year. Those roughly 9,600 fires burned nearly 4.2 million acres, killed 31 people, and emitted an estimated 112 million metric tons of carbon dioxide, according to a California Air Resources Board report released Dec. 31. The number is akin to the greenhouse gas emissions of 24.2 million passenger cars driving in a single year, according to a calculator from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. …Increasing fire intensity and the health dangers of the accompanying smoke is California’s new reality and needs to be faced now, advocates and politicians say. …State officials say calculating wildfire emissions is challenging. It depends on updated vegetation information, prior fire history, and having correct burn area boundaries in often rugged areas. 

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Enviva partners with forestry associations to boost longleaf pine, support landowners

Bioenergy Insight Magazine
January 6, 2021
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US East

Enviva is working with The Longleaf Alliance, Wildlife Mississippi, and the Mississippi Forestry Association to boost longleaf pine habitats by creating new opportunities for public and private landowners. Under the partnership, the organisations will protect and restore longleaf pine forests in southern Mississippi and southwestern Alabama by implementing Enviva’s longleaf forest restoration plan. The plan works with private landowners to develop a management plan, provide forest certification, harvest undesirable woody plant material (to be used to produce wood pellets), and monitor long-term restoration effects on appropriate sites. The longleaf pine was once the dominant species in the south, covering over 90 million acres from Virginia to Texas. Over the last 400 years, the abundance of this species was greatly diminished due to non-sustainable timber harvest, clearing of land for agriculture and development, and exclusion of fire. However, thanks to the hard work of partners throughout the region, longleaf is making a comeback.

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Austria’s ‘close-to-nature’ forests may hold secrets to fire prevention

By Amanda Peached
The World
January 6, 2021
Category: Forestry
Region: International

In a region of Austria known as the wood quarter, a logger used a chainsaw to slice through the base of a 100-foot tall spruce tree on a recent foggy morning. Herbert Schmid, a forester, watched from a distance as the big spruce dropped to the forest floor. Schmid handpicked that particular tree to be cut today. He manages this forest according to “close-to-nature” practices, or Pro Silva standards. It’s an ancient technique of astute observation, low-intervention forestry that allows trees to grow and age before harvest. Forestry experts say it’s a valuable model as European forests face climate change and potentially more fires. ..But the reason that Austria and Germany haven’t had megafires recently is part luck. Those countries tend to be cooler and rainer. …Close-to-nature forest management may hold some solutions.

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Carbon, Climate & Bioenergy

Biomass production

By Adam Zewe
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
January 6, 2021
Category: Carbon, Climate & Bioenergy
Region: International

When people think of renewable energy, solar panels or windmills are often the first images that come to mind. Yet half of global renewable energy comes from sustainable bioenergy, according to energy policy think tank REN21. More than 60 percent of that sustainable bioenergy is produced by burning wood pellets, but their potential as a renewable energy source remains limited. Pellets generated from vast, tropical eucalyptus forests are banned in many countries because burning them generates hazardous emissions. Enter BiomassTrust, a startup founded by Harvard postdoctoral fellow Javier Farago Escobar that has patented a process that removes chlorine from Brazilian eucalyptus wood pellets, enabling them to be used for fuel in hundreds of nations where they were previously barred… Escobar developed an industrial-scale procedure that involves mincing and grinding the biomass to a smaller size, then leaching the wood with deionized water, which removes enough chlorine to make the pellets safe for international markets.

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Health & Safety

Forest Service Road Safety in Beautiful British Columbia!

Road Trip Mama
January 6, 2021
Category: Health & Safety
Region: Canada, Canada West

I feel so blessed to live in this beautiful place in British Columbia, surrounded by mountains and river areas to explore! However, every year there are tragedies that serve as a reminder that these beautiful places can also be deadly. If you are traveling on a Forest Service Road (FSR) then there are a few basic things you should know when going. First of all, FSRs usually exist because of logging, hydro, or other industrial traffic needing to access the area. These companies often deactivate the roads when they are finished, either by blocking access with gates and boulders, or by adding cross ditches that most vehicles cannot make it through. The main thing to remember is that the industrial traffic always has the right of way. [This] is a brochure from BC Forest Safe with some great tips and planning information for traveling on Forestry Road.

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Logging truck collision closes Highway 97A just south of Enderby

By Jon Manchester
Castanet Kelowna
January 6, 2021
Category: Health & Safety
Region: Canada, Canada West

Five patients are being rushed to hospital from the scene of a serious collision on Highway 97A just south of Enderby. BCEHS spokesperson Shannon Miller says the crash required a multi-unit response, including four ground ambulances and two helicopters, which landed at the scene.  “Paramedics are currently still on scene, but are transporting five patients. Two patients are being airlifted by helicopter to hospital in critical condition. Three additional patients are being transported by ground ambulance – two in serious condition and one in stable condition.” It’s believed the airlifted patients are being taken to Kelowna General Hospital, where a Code Orange mass casualty alert has reportedly been issued. [A later update reports] Highway 97A reopened following a serious collision this morning, one kilometre south of Enderby. DriveBC confirms the road has been clear between Canyon and Fortune Roads. No word on the incident at this time. 

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Train cars moving lumber derail after hitting tree on tracks

The Associated Press in the Seattle Times
January 6, 2021
Category: Health & Safety
Region: United States, US West

OREGON CITY, Oregon — A Union Pacific train carrying lumber derailed after hitting a large tree that had fallen on the tracks along Highway 99 between Canby and Oregon City, authorities said. The Clackamas County Sheriff’s Office said three locomotives and 15 rail cars derailed at around 1:30 a.m. Wednesday. The engineer of the train complained of pain, KGW-TV reported. No one else was injured. None of the debris or rail cars blocked the highway, which was temporarily fully closed, KGW-TV reported. The Oregon Department of Transportation said one southbound lane of Highway 99 near South End Road would remain closed for up to two days. 

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Forest Fires

Battle against wildfire continues; National Disaster Response Force man found dead in Dzukou Valley

Sentinal Assam
January 6, 2021
Category: Forest Fires
Region: International

KOHIMA/IMPHAL: The Indian Army, Indian Air Force (IAF), paramilitary forces, state authorities, along with hundreds of volunteers and locals, continued their battle against the wildfire in the famous Dzukou Valley on the Nagaland and Manipur borders for the eighth day as the blaze raged on… An Assistant Sub-Inspector of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), deployed to tackle the fire, was found dead in his tent on Tuesday in northern Manipur’s Senapati district bordering Nagaland. …According to Kohima District Deputy Commissioner Mohammed Ali Shihab, eight helicopters equipped with Bambi buckets including four from the IAF and two from the Army continued their operation to control the wildfire. …Forest officials of the two States said that the inferno, which began on December 29, has destroyed much of the forest, seasonal flowers, flora and fauna and harmed the rich biodiversity of the valley, which is a globally famous trekking site too.

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