Before the first nail can be hammered for a new house, a different kind of labor is required: dealing with paperwork. The amount of time required to obtain permits varies wildly across the United States. Navigating the bureaucracy in one city can take longer than the time needed to complete the entire project in another. That’s the finding in a report last month by Leonardo D’Amico of the University of Chicago and Evan Soltas and Audrey Wang of Princeton. …”We estimate the time durations of permitting and development for standardized new housing projects across 60 U.S. cities from 2000 to 2025. We report three new facts. First, the fastest cities complete projects in the time the slowest cities take to merely approve them. Second, across cities, permitting duration is positively associated with housing prices and negatively associated with production. …Third, permitting duration has risen steadily over time, whereas total project duration has fluctuated cyclically.“