Daily News for April 23, 2025

Today’s Takeaway

Despite headwinds, West Fraser reports positive Q1, 2025 earnings

Tree Frog Forestry News
April 23, 2025
Category: Today's Takeaway

Despite market headwinds, West Fraser Timber reported positive Q1, 2025 earnings of $42 million. In other Business news: Ohio-based Pixelle paused its paper mill closure plan; pushback on New Brunswick’s pulp & paper power subsidies, and a Eugene wood treatment plant CEO faces prison. Meanwhile, US lumber duties point to gloomy days for BC’s West Coast; a nuanced look at US-Canada lumber trade; and Trump looks to deescalate his trade war with China.

In Forestry/Wildfire news: Canfor passes BC Forest Practices Board audit—with accolades; ENGOs say Ontario Bill 5 will weaken species protection; BC’s Northeast faces drought conditions; a New Jersey wildfire begets State of emergency; Idaho ramps up its forest management; New Mexico’s tree mortality doubles; Oregon looks to increase prescribed burns; and a Tucson judge upholds the Grey Wolf Recovery program.

Finally, FSC’s Leadership Award nominations are now open for projects in Canada and the US.

Kelly McCloskey, Tree Frog News Editor

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Business & Politics

Canadian Forest Owners Asks Political Parties About Their Commitments to Canada’s 480,000 Woodlot Owners and Their Families

By Andrew de Vries
Canadian Forest Owners
April 23, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada

Canadian Forest Owners (CFO) reached out to the five federal political parties with current representation in parliament to ask how their party would support the thousands of rural communities across Canada where these forest owners live. Canadian Forest Owners represents 480,000 private forest owners from Prince Edward Island to Vancouver Island. These forest owners are largely family owned, small business, who own over a tenth of Canada’s managed forests, supporting every mill across the country, and accounting for nearly 20 percent of Canada’s total forest production. Private forest landowners provide solutions to climate change and real socio-economic development opportunities in rural communities from coast to coast. Here’s what they had to say…

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Trump tariffs stack the odds against a forestry industry already struggling to survive

By Joe O’Connor
The Financial Post
April 23, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, United States

James Furney, mayor of Port McNeill, BC… is trying to stay upbeat, but his lumber town was already suffering before the threat of Trump’s trade war. …“To think that anyone is going to be insulated from what is going on with Trump would be delusional,” Furney said. “We are a forestry town and people around town are already watching their wallets and curtailing their spending, and businesses that should be ramping up now to hire summer students aren’t going to be hiring.” …In short, B.C. has plenty of wood and plenty of potential buyers for it, especially in the US, which was a $5.69-billion export market for the province in 2024, but not enough of that wood has been getting cut in recent years. That makes for gloomy days on the West Coast; a malaise that could spread to Ontario and Quebec and push the industry to the brink of collapse.

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N.B. Power being forced to offer larger rate discounts to forestry mills

By Robert Jones
CBC News
April 23, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada East

NEW BRUNSWICK — A New Brunswick government regulation, written to protect pulp and paper mills from high electricity prices, is forcing N.B. Power to increase the rate subsidies it offers mills this year by 35%, despite a deterioration in the utility’s own financial condition. The mill subsidies, which have been mandated by the New Brunswick government every year since 2012, have been set by the Department of Energy for the current fiscal year at $28.04 per megawatt hour, an increase of $7.29 over last year. The utility had not originally budgeted to finance a subsidy that large and said it has revised the expected cost of the program for this year to $16.6 million — up by $2.9 million. …Pulp and paper companies have defended the program in the past as critical to their long-term viability. But since the program began, N.B. Power’s own financial viability has become an issue.

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Pixelle Specialty Solutions Pauses Chillicothe Mill Closure

Pixelle Specialty Solutions LLC
April 18, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: United States

CHILLICOTHE, Ohio — Pixelle Specialty Solutions announces that, based on a framework agreed upon today among the Company, H.I.G. Capital, and government officials, Pixelle will delay the closure of the Chillicothe, Ohio, paper mill until the end of the year. This decision follows productive discussions with leaders at the federal, state, and local levels and reflects a shared commitment to exploring sustainable, long-term solutions for the facility and its workforce. “Pausing the closure provides us additional time to evaluate what’s possible,” said Ross Bushnell, President and CEO of Pixelle. …Among the key leaders engaged in this process is Senator Bernie Moreno, who today announced plans to establish a permanent Senate office in Chillicothe to support the mill’s future and monitor progress. Pixelle will continue coordinating with its ownership group to define next steps and work towards a mutually agreeable solution. 

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Trump says China tariffs won’t stay at 145%, Bessent hints at deescalation

Yahoo! Finance
April 23, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: United States

President Trump and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent hinted at a trade-war deescalation with China, as Wall Street hoped the US was preparing for an off-ramp from the weeks-long trade battle. “145% is too high, it will come down substantially,” Trump said of the level of tariffs on Chinese imports. He said he was optimistic about trade talks, adding that he plans to be “very nice” to China to reach a deal. Trump’s comments came after Bessent told investors in a closed-door summit Tuesday that he sees a deescalation in the US-China tariff situation, prompting a US stock rally on Tuesday that carried into Wednesday. Bessent called the tit-for-tat tariffs with China unsustainable, echoing the sentiments shared with Yahoo Finance last week that he was optimistic about “clarity” on tariffs. …China said it is open to trade talks with the US but struck a still-defiant tone.

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Beyond Tariffs: A Nuanced Look at US-Canada Lumber Trade

By Peter Stewart
ResourceWise Forest Products Blog
April 22, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: United States

The US-Canada lumber trade is a cornerstone of the North American forest products industry, frequently spotlighted for its tariff disputes and economic stakes. Recent policy shifts have reignited discussions about supply chains, costs, and market resilience, often casting the relationship as a battleground of competing interests. Yet, beneath the headlines lies a more intricate story—one of interdependence, mutual benefit, and evolving global dynamics that shape the forest value chain. ….Canada relies on the US for over 70% of its lumber export market, while the US benefits from both Canadian supply and export opportunities for finished goods. This interdependence contrasts with calls for rapid US production increases. While expanding domestic capacity could offset imports, the scale and timeline of such efforts face practical limits, leaving cross-border trade a critical factor in meeting US demand. …The US-Canada lumber trade is not a simple story of dependency or rivalry but rather a multifaceted partnership shaped by geography, economics, and market needs.

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President of Eugene wood treatment plant gets 90-day prison term for lying to inspectors

By Maxine Bernstein
Oregon Live
April 22, 2025
Category: Business & Politics
Region: United States, US West

A federal judge Tuesday sentenced the president of Eugene’s J.H. Baxter & Co. wood treatment plant to 90 days in prison for lying about the company’s illegal handling of hazardous waste at the site. U.S. District Judge Michael J. McShane called Georgia Baxter-Krause, 62, an “absent president” who took little responsibility for what occurred. “The fact that you lied when confronted suggests you knew the practice was not ‘above board,’” McShane said. “There has to be some accountability.” [to access the full story an Oregon Live subscription is required]

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Finance & Economics

West Fraser reports Q1, 2025 earnings of $42 million

West Fraser Timber Co. Ltd.
April 22, 2025
Category: Finance & Economics
Region: Canada, United States

VANCOUVER, BC – West Fraser Timber reported first quarter results of 2025. …First quarter sales were $1.459 billion, compared to $1.405 billion in the fourth quarter of 2024. First quarter earnings were $42 million, compared to a loss of $62 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. The fourth quarter included a non-cash impairment loss of $70 million. …First quarter Adjusted EBITDA was $195 million compared to $140 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. ..The Lumber segment has experienced a slower than expected start to the year, owing to transportation and weather challenges that have influenced shipments as well as uncertainty related to demand impacts from the U.S. administration’s shifting tariff policies. …The global pulp market has begun to experience disruption with the economic impact of US tariffs creating considerable demand uncertainty in Chinese markets. As such, we anticipate NBSK pricing weakness over the near- to medium-term and a potentially significant adverse financial impact on our Pulp & Paper segment.

Related in Investing.com: West Fraser Q1 2025 slides: earnings rebound as strategic shift continues

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Houzz report shares share remodelling dollars are going

By Annie Palmer
Hardware Retailing
April 22, 2025
Category: Finance & Economics
Region: United States

Houzz released the 2025 U.S. Houzz & Home Study, a report surveying over 22,000 US homeowners about remodeling, building and decorating activity. The study found 54% of homeowners renovated their homes in 2024 at a median spend of $20,000. Overall median spend decreased from its peak of $24,000 in 2023 and remains above the $18,000 spent in 2018. …“The softening in renovation spend reflects the impact of elevated borrowing costs and the rising prices for everyday goods and services,” says Marine Sargsyan, Houzz economist. “What stands out, however, is homeowners’ ongoing demand and consistent investment in sizable kitchen and bathroom upgrades. Notable growth in spend on smaller spaces signals that even amid economic pressures, homeowners are prioritizing meaningful improvements no matter the size of the home.” …53% of renovating homeowners updated their outdoor spaces in 2024, completing around two outdoor projects on average. … Homeowners are also investing in decks, sheds and workshops (8%) and gazebos and pergolas (7%). 

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Wood, Paper & Green Building

The U.S. can preserve its forests by building smartly with new and old techniques and technologies

By James Kitchin and Chris Hardy, MASS Design Group
The Architect’s Newspaper
April 22, 2025
Category: Wood, Paper & Green Building
Region: United States

U.S. national forests have comprehensive sustainable management practices, thanks in part to strong laws passed through the legislative process, such as the National Forest Management Act of 1976 and the Endangered Species Act in 1973. …The recent White House Executive Order requiring the Immediate Expansion of American Timber Production criticizes the policies that balance the use of our national forests and our purported inability to “fully exploit our domestic timber.” This order diminishes the value of our forests to that of just a commodity resource. This order runs the risk of us repeating mistakes our country has already learned. …Expediting the review of timber projects risks the insufficient evaluation of impacts to the vitality and productivity of the forests, as well as, to the habitats of endangered species, which is likely to see conservation groups and logging companies become confrontational once again. …We propose ways in which this can be achieved without ravaging our national forests…

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Cool tool expands mass timber research capabilities

By Kelley Young
Auburn University Newsroom
April 21, 2025
Category: Wood, Paper & Green Building
Region: US East

“I was very excited when I heard we were getting a cross-laminated timber (CLT) press,” said Brian Via, the Regions Professor of forest products and member of the Auburn Mass Timber Collaborative (AMTC). Mass timber is a rapidly growing technology used in the design and construction fields, and the AMTC is becoming a leader in mass timber research, teaching and outreach in the Southeast. Now that the team has acquired a tool to manufacture its own CLT, faculty can do more research without having to leave campus or depend on outside partners. Auburn is the only academic institution in the Southeast and one of fewer than a dozen nationally to own a CLT press. Now, Auburn faculty across multiple disciplines can complete the cycle of mass timber production from start to finish  from sapling to shelter. 

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Sanctioned Russian and Belarusian wood smuggled into UK, study suggests

By Patrick Greenfield
The Guardian UK
April 23, 2025
Category: Wood, Paper & Green Building
Region: International

UK — Nearly half of birch wood certified by leading sustainability schemes is misidentified and does not come from the labelled country of origin, according to new testing. The analysis raises fears that large quantities of sanctioned wood from Russia and Belarus are still illegally entering Britain. New research by World Forest ID… scrutinised the accuracy of dozens of harvesting-origin claims on birch products, which had almost entirely been approved by FSC and PEFC sustainability schemes. The samples of birch – a popular hardwood used in furniture, kitchens panels and musical instruments – were labelled as originating in Ukraine, Poland, Estonia and Latvia. But tests using the wood’s “chemical fingerprint” showed that 46% of certified samples did not come from the origin on the label. …While the tests did not specify the country where the wood was grown, experts said Russia and Belarus were the only plausible origins.

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Forestry

Forest Stewardship Council Leadership Awards nominations now open

Forest Stewardship Council
April 23, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, United States

The FSC Leadership Awards recognize excellence in the use of FSC-certified products, materials, and commitment to responsible forest management across industries, as well as in advocacy, conservation and individual leadership in the FSC community. Submissions are due Friday, July 25, 2025. Categories for submissions for people, organizations, and projects in the United States and Canada:

  • Built Environment – a commercial, institutional, mixed-use or residential building project, completed in the last three years that utilized at least 50% FSC-certified materials across all wood products.
  • An FSC-Certified Company or Organization 
  • An FSC Promotional License Holder 
  • A Nonprofit Organization – Partnership or shared goal with the Forest Stewardship Council.
  • An Uncommon Partnership – A campaign, event, or project that your company or organization completed in tandem with another company or organization brought about by your common interest in FSC and responsible forest management.
  • An Individual Champion – leadership in innovating and advancing FSC and responsible forest management

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Drought persists in some parts of B.C. as crews gear up for wildfire season

By Michelle Gomez
CBC News
April 22, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada West

The B.C. Wildfire Service is gearing up for the approaching season, noting drought conditions persist in some regions of the province. A seasonal outlook from the services says a less aggressive start to the fire season is expected in the coastal and southeast regions of the province, due to above-average precipitation this winter. However, forecasters expect drought to persist in B.C.’s northeast and southern Nechako regions, elevating fire risk, even if they receive average or above-average rainfall. It said there is also a higher fire risk in the western Chilcotin area. Much of the province is currently experiencing warmer-than-usual temperatures, said the service, but the intensity of the wildfire season will depend on the amount of rain during May and June. …Households should start preparing for fire season, Minister of Emergency Management and Climate Readiness Kelly Greene said at a news conference last week. 

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Canfor passes forestry audit, uses notable practice

BC Forest Practices Board
April 22, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada West

CRANBROOK – The Forest Practices Board has released its audit of Canadian Forest Products Ltd. (Canfor) Forest Licence A19040 in the Rocky Mountain Natural Resource District. The report finds overall compliance with forestry legislation but highlights a notable practice and a fire-hazard abatement issue. The audit examined Canfor’s forestry activities, which covered an extensive area near Cranbrook, Kimberley, Sparwood, Wasa and Elkford. The board found that Canfor met its legal obligations for operational planning, timber harvesting, road construction and maintenance, silviculture and most wildfire protection requirements. Canfor’s operations included harvesting in 90 cutblocks and maintaining more than 4,600 kilometres of forest roads. “The way Canfor managed its forest operations was very well done, given its size and complexity,” said Gerry Grant, vice-chair of the board. “We also saw a notable practice in this audit: Canfor’s use of a new predictive pine rust tool that can be used to model forest-health risks and support healthy, resilient forests.” 

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BC Premier’s, minister’s statements on Earth Day

Government of British Columbia
April 22, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada West

Premier David Eby has issued the following statement marking Earth Day: “On Earth Day, people in British Columbia join other Canadians and people around the world in celebrating our planet as we rededicate our efforts to protect it. British Columbia is lucky to have so many marvelous natural wonders, from snowcapped mountains to verdant valleys to spectacular coastlines. Our government is working in partnership with more than 60 First Nations on stewardship projects embracing local and Indigenous knowledge to protect nature. Our unique biospheres are our inheritance. We have an obligation to preserve them as our legacy for future generations.” …Tamara Davidson, Minister of Environment and Parks, said: “Earth Day allows us to reflect on where we are and where we need to go to build a cleaner, sustainable future. I am committed to do my part in stewarding our environment for future generations to benefit from, care and enjoy.”

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Pipeline Habitat Restoration: Strategies and Innovations

Silvacom Ltd.
April 22, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Silvacom is hosting a free webinar titled “Pipeline Habitat Restoration: Strategies and Innovations” MAY 14, 2025 9:00 AM MDT | 11 EST. This event will bring together industry experts, environmental scientists, and key stakeholders to discuss the latest developments and best practices in habitat restoration in areas affected by pipeline projects. Join Our Webinar on Pipeline Habitat Restoration: Successfully Navigating Key Challenges of New SRP Requirements on Active Pipelines (Upper Smoky Sub-Regional Plan). With Alberta’s Sub-Regional Planning Process introducing new regulatory requirements for caribou habitat restoration, the energy sector must adapt and implement  habitat restoration on active pipeline corridors. Unlike decommissioned or abandoned pipelines, active right-of-ways (ROW) present unique operational, regulatory, and ecological challenges. This webinar will explore the complexities of meeting habitat restoration objectives while balancing: Ecological restoration goals; Operational efficiencies; Regulatory requirements; and Indigenous community and stakeholder values.

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Environment groups raise alarm about Ontario bill that would weaken species protection

By Muriel Draaisma
CBC News
April 22, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada East

ONTARIO — Environmental groups are raising concerns about newly tabled Ontario legislation that they say will be “catastrophic” for wildlife and weaken government protections for “species that are the rarest” in the province. Ecojustice Canada said Bill 5…  would repeal Ontario’s existing Endangered Species Act passed in 2007, and replace it with a significantly watered down version of the original act called the Species Conservation Act. The legislation has passed first reading. …Ecojustice Canada said the legislation would gut environmental assessment processes, speed mining and infrastructure development and take a “register-first, ask-questions-later” approach that would allow developers to begin projects before their environmental implications are fully known. …Ontario’s Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks denied that the bill would weaken species protection. …”These changes will be supported by an enhanced Species Conservation Program, which will see funding more than quadrupled to $20 million each year,” Catherwood continued.

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Judge upholds Mexican grey wolf plan

By Peter Aleshire
The Payson Roundup
April 21, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: US West

A Tucson judge this week dismissed a broad challenge to the management of the Mexican Grey Wolf Recovery program. The judge in a 42-page decision dismissed claims the recovery plan was “arbitrary and capricious” and upheld the key points of dispute. A coalition of environmental groups had sued to overturn the key policies at the heart of the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Arizona Department of Game and Fish plan to reintroduce the endangered subspecies to Arizona and New Mexico. The decision coincided with the release of the quarterly report on the reintroduction effort. That report put the population at 286 wolves in the wild, an 11% increase in 2024. However, the quarterly report also documented an ongoing high mortality rate. Environmental groups led by the Center for Biological Diversity and others maintained wildlife managers should establish three separate populations of the wolves, including one north of I-40.

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Matt Donegan Has a Plan to Stop Oregon From Burning. Think Moneyball for Forests.

Willamette Week
April 23, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US West

Matt Donegan

OREGON – Matt Donegan is working on a plan for Oregon’s forest problem. In 2024, the state saw 1.9 million acres burn. And last year, the agency was beset by scandal, management turmoil, and near-bankruptcy from the cost of putting out blazes. During the current legislative session, a lot of people—lawmakers, Gov. Tina Kotek, the state’s timber industry, environmentalists, electric utilities, and hundreds of thousands of beleaguered property owners—are all looking for a solution. …Donegan knows he’s walking a knife edge between conservation groups that zealously guard Oregon’s forests and a timber industry eager to increase cutting. …The problem is, the forests are so overstocked with dead, dry debris after a century of fire suppression that fires easily become catastrophic rather than restorative. …Donegan proposes to break off a small fraction of that amount for intensive management—thinning and prescribed burns—as a pilot project.

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Idaho ramps up federal forest management with new executive order

By Governor Brad Little
Government of Idaho
April 22, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: US West

Coeur d’Alene, Idaho – Governor Brad Little issued a new executive order today, the “Make Forests Healthy Again Act,” directing the Idaho Department of Lands (IDL) to expand its partnership with the U.S. Forest Service to increase management activities and reduce fire risk in federally managed national forests in Idaho. “For too long, millions of acres of national forests in Idaho have remained totally untouched, creating a tinderbox of fuel that threatens communities, air quality, and the environment. The State of Idaho has led the country in standing up programs to help our federal partners increase the pace and scale of active management on federal ground. The work we’ve done is making a difference. However, under the previous administration, we were limited in the extent we could help. That has changed under the Trump administration,” Governor Little said.

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State survey finds New Mexico tree mortality doubled in 2024

By Danielle Prokop
Source New Mexico
April 22, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: US West

Tree deaths in New Mexico forests have doubled since 2023, according to a state survey released Monday, driven by insects and stress from prolonged warmer conditions. Those deaths include 70,000 acres of conifer trees in 2024, more than twice the 33,000 acres recorded the year prior. Native insects largely drove the tree damage, according to Victor Lucero, coordinator for the state Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department’s Forest Health Program. “Especially in bark beetles, longer, warmer and drier conditions stretching further into the fall, these insects can increase the number of generations they have each season,” Lucero told Source NM. The New Mexico Forest Health Conditions 2024 survey assessed approximately 14 million acres of forests by air across state, private, federal and tribal forests. About 406,000 acres showed damage from disease, insects and drought, a growth of 12%, with 42,000 more acres than last year. Wildfire also played a role.

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Biomass, a satellite to look inside the world’s forests like never before

Airbus
April 23, 2025
Category: Forestry
Region: International

ESA’s Earth Explorer Biomass satellite, built by Airbus … aims to fill the gap in our carbon cycle knowledge by providing accurate and detailed data on forest biomass and forest height, supporting our understanding of climate change. …The Biomass satellite will accurately map aboveground biomass (AGB) over large areas using a synthetic aperture radar (SAR). What’s unique about this SAR is that it operates in the P-band wavelength, a first for use in space. The 12-metre-wide wire mesh reflector is provided by L3Harris. Unlike commonly used X-, C-, and L-bands, P-band’s 70 cm wavelength offers distinct advantages. Its longer wavelength enhances the SAR signal’s ability to penetrate the vegetation canopy down to the ground. An electromagnetic wave only interacts with objects of roughly the same size as its wavelength. So, with the P-Band, SAR can “see” all objects of 70 cm and more but not the smallest ones, such as leaves.

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Carbon, Climate & Bioenergy

B.C. company aims to commercialize carbon capture on a global scale

By Stefan Labbé
Business in Vancouver
April 22, 2025
Category: Carbon, Climate & Bioenergy
Region: Canada West

Burnaby-based Svante Inc. has adapted a roll-to-roll lithium battery production line to produce a carbon-sucking laminate the company says it hopes will transform humanity’s fight against climate change. “It never stops.” said Laliberte, Svante’s chief operating officer. “We need to show the world we’re ready to commercialize.” When the machines go into production next month, Svante’s new factory will become the first plant in the world to commercially produce filters that can snatch carbon out of a smokestack or even thin air. For now, the facility is powered by roaring shipping-container-sized generators as it awaits a massive electrical upgrade from BC Hydro. At full capacity, Svante claims the production line will be able to manufacture enough filters to remove 10 million tonnes of carbon a year — equivalent to the emissions from 27 million cars. …BIV was shown the technology on condition it does not reveal details that could be stolen by competitors.

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Forest Fires

State of emergency declared as New Jersey wildfire explodes to 8,500 acres

By Jon Haworth and Mill Hutchinson
ABC News
April 23, 2025
Category: Forest Fires
Region: United States, US East

A wildfire in New Jersey has exploded to over 8,500 acres after igniting Tuesday near Toms River and threatening more than 1,000 structures, shutting down a major highway and causing thousands of people to flee the flames. The Jones Road Wildfire was just 10% contained on Wednesday morning, according to the New Jersey Forest Fire Service. “Smoke and everything was right in my backyard. Everything was covered in black ashes,” said Kelly Mendoza, one of the evacuees. Fanned by wind gusts and dry vegetation, the fire started in Ocean County around 12:30 p.m. ET on Tuesday and exploded overnight from a few hundred acres to 8,500, according to the Forest Fire. New Jersey Lt. Gov. Gov. Tahesha Way, who is serving as acting governor while Gov. Phil Murphy is out of the country, declared a state of emergency in Ocean County on Wednesday morning, freeing up resources to battle the blaze. 

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Forest History & Archives

How the Timber Economy Made Washington State

By Junius Rochester
Post Alley, Seattle
April 22, 2025
Category: Forest History & Archives
Region: United States, US West

Despite cyclical economic conditions, our state’s wood products story remains a separate and dramatic story through local history. The beginning of this great activity may have begun in 1788 when English Captain John Meares took a shipload of Puget Sound spars to China. He never made delivery. A fierce storm caused him to jettison his load mid-Pacific. Four years later another English Captain named George Vancouver replaced a broken spar with a Puget Sound tree. Wood was used in the construction of fur-trading posts, of course, which led to the processing of logs for a variety of domestic and commercial use. In 1825, a Vancouver, Washington millwright named William Cannon first whipsawed logs into boards. The Hudson’s Bay Company, with headquarters then at Fort Vancouver, accepted shakes and shaved shingles from American settlers in exchange for general supplies. The first “permanent” mill on Puget Sound was built by Michael T. Simmons at Tumwater, Washington.

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