Region Archives: Canada East

Julia and David MacMillan own 1,000 acres of woodland in West Tatamagouche, N.S. They currently grow around a million trees annually, consisting of around 35 to 37 commercial tree species, including spruce, maple, hemlock, ironwood, and balsam fir… The MacMillan family sells their product to roughly 15 companies. Some of the big ones include Irving, Ledwidge Lumber, Elmsdale Lumber and a paper mill in Port Hawkesbury, N.S. “If the sawmills and other mills in Nova Scotia that use the product, the other materials that we use from the woodlot, if those mills have to slow down or shut down as a result of the tariffs, then ultimately there is no market for the product that we make,” says David. The woodlot employs six full-time staff and 20 seasonal workers. Julia and David’s biggest fear when it comes to tariffs is the impact on their workers and their families.

In the wake of the recent ice storm in parts of Ontario and Southwestern Quebec, home and landowners should assess and care for damaged trees on their property. A loss of branches and foliage, split trunks, and even uprooted trees may need immediate attention to minimize any long-term impacts the damage may cause. Damage from ice storms can impact the ability of a tree to grow and make trees more susceptible to insects, disease, and additional damage in the event of future storms. Recovery depends largely on the initial health of the tree and the extent of damage incurred. Healthy trees with minimal crown loss (upper branches) should recover, and over time, the crown may even appear normal.

There is still plenty of snow around, but today, April 1, marks the first day of the fire season. That means Ontario’s Outdoor Burning Regulations are now in effect for the Northeast Fire Region. There are currently no active wildland fires in the Northeast Region. If you live in Northwestern, Northeastern or North-Central Ontario, you must follow certain rules to have an outdoor fire. Also, check with your local municipality for any rules it may have. By law, you need a fire permit to burn wood, brush, leaves and grass outside during the fire season of April 1 – October 31.

Dr. Kirk Hillier

At first glance, the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (HWA) – a tiny, aphid-like insect barely bigger than a millimetre – hardly seems threatening. Beaded among leaves like garland, the insect’s fluffy white bodies could be mistaken for the world’s smallest cotton balls. You might even say they look cute. But those who understand the invasive critter and the devastation it can cause know better than to coo over evidence of HWA among nearby trees. Nova Scotia’s old-growth hemlock forests, the meal of choice for this insect, are now under significant threat if nothing is done – and the effects of these forests being wiped out would be catastrophic… “It’s not just a change in the landscape that’s at risk – but cascading ecological and economic destruction when entire tree species are lost,” said Dr. Hillier.

Pontiac, Quebec — The federal government is investing over $250,000 in five forestry-related projects across western Quebec, including initiatives in the Outaouais region, as part of a larger $13.3 million funding package aimed at strengthening the competitiveness and sustainability of Quebec’s forest sector. Announced on March 20 by Minister of Natural Resources Jonathan Wilkinson, the funding includes support from the Indigenous Forestry Initiative, which focuses on fostering Indigenous leadership in forest management and encouraging economic opportunities rooted in environmental stewardship. In the Outaouais, the Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg community in Maniwaki will receive $50,000 to enhance its ability to participate in forestry consultations. The project aims to equip the community with the tools and expertise needed to conduct in-depth analyses of proposed forest plans, ensuring that responses reflect community values and long-term impacts. Further north in Kebaowek, two projects are receiving federal support.

The Province of Ontario says it’s prepared for the fast-approaching 2025 wildland fire season. The new season starts on April 1, and preparations have included filling more than 100 new, permanent positions to help support forest fire fighting operations, said Chris Marchand, fire information officer with Aviation, Forest Fire and Emergency Services (AFFES). …Exactly how busy this season will be remains unknown, Marchand said, as it’s very difficult to predict how intense a fire season will be. …Marchand said the previous winter saw “somewhat normal” snowfall patterns across Ontario. …Marchand noted, however, that the 2024 fire season was slower than usual — 480 fires were reported, down from the 10-year, seasonal average of 700 fires. The Province of Ontario said it partnered with the federal government last year to invest $64 million in the provincial wil

Dark streetlights, four-way stop rules in effect, trees lying across well-travelled roads, cold inside the homes and trees pop and crack signalling more destruction above. An ice storm the likes of which this area hasn’t seen in a decade has decimated the power grids, retail and business industries and yes, social media and the internet. Seemingly closed off to the rest of Ontario, areas from Newmarket and farther north to Huntsville and beyond can only watch as more trees fall, more power lines pop off from their tethers and relatives, too, remain in the dark without our social media lifelines. …In Muskoka, a State of Emergency has been called. Residents are urged to staff home and off the roads. …As of Monday morning, at 7:15 a.m., there are still almost 400,000 Hydro One customers affected by the power outages.

A weekend ice storm hit hard in regions of southern Ontario with hundreds of thousands left in the dark, and significant damage across several communities. 

Ontario is ready to respond to this year’s wildland fire season, which lasts from April 1 until October 31. This year, the government has filled nearly 100 additional permanent positions to support the 2025 fire season and help ensure people and resources are in place to protect communities. “We are ready to protect people, communities and properties across Ontario from wildland fires,” said Mike Harris, Minister of Natural Resources. “When wildland fires hit, our brave and dedicated FireRangers, pilots and support staff are prepared to battle these fires and protect Ontarians.” Last year, the province partnered with the federal government to invest a total of $64 million in the wildland fire program. This investment has allowed Ontario to enhance its firefighting capacity for the 2025 fire season and includes funding for forest fire suppression equipment and technology, such as fuel systems, trucks and emergency management software.

THUNDER BAY — Three First Nations organizations in Northwestern Ontario are getting significant new funding to support the training of wildland firefighters. Some of the training will take place in Thunder bay. Keewaytinook Okimakanak, which represents six remote First Nations, will use $329,000 to to help train 25 youth in wildfire prevention and mitigation to build up local fire management practices and enhance community resiliency to forest fires. In Sioux Lookout, the Independent First Nations Alliance, which includes five First Nations, is getting $2 million to train 50 participants and increase the capacity for managing fires at the local level. The Whitefeather Community Resource Management Authority will use an allocation of just under $1.6 million for firefighter training for 144 community members on the Pikangikum First Nation.

Jennifer Baltzer

WATERLOO – A study from Wilfrid Laurier University offers a rare “good news story” in relation to forest fires. Jennifer Baltzer, the Canada Research Chair in Forests and Global Change, published field data on overwintering fires – known as “zombie” fires – that smoulder throughout the winter and reignite the following spring. Despite fears that zombie fires would increase carbon release and hinder forest regrowth, Baltzer’s data suggests that they are less destructive than anticipated. Between 2022 and 2023, Baltzer and colleagues collected samples at overwintering fire sites. They visited 20 locations in the boreal forests of Alaska and the Northwest Territories that had originally burned in 2009 or 2014. …Baltzer’s research shows that more often than not, overwintering fires are actually happening in “upland” locations – productive forests on higher ground with good drainage and thinner layers of organic, carbon-rich soil. “…smouldering is happening in the roots and trunks of trees, as opposed to deep organic soils,” says Baltzer.

After a two-year effort, a commission established to make recommendations aimed at preserving the province’s forests has highlighted the need to boost funding for programs aimed at assisting private woodlot owners. In its final report, the P.E.I. Forestry Commission, a 13-member advisory group chaired by Jean-Paul Arsenault, said successive P.E.I. governments have been “neglecting” the implementation of existing forestry policies since 2006. “The Forestry Program is a long-term victim of status quo budgeting, also called zero-based budgeting, an approach focused on maintaining expenditures at previous levels,” wrote the commissioners. …The report, which was completed last October, was not made public until March 19 by the Department of Environment, Energy and Climate Action. …The commission’s report notes that P.E.I. faces a unique challenge in forestry preservation, given that 85 per cent of the province’s forests are owned by private landowners.

Eric Kennedy

TORONTO – With $386,000 in funding from Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) through its Build and Mobilize Foundational Wildland Fire Knowledge Program under the Wildfire Resilient Futures Initiative, York University and its partners will evaluate the issues local governments face in adopting wildfire mitigation practices and determine how to scale up their mitigation efforts. The project, Understanding and Improving Wildfire Mitigation Partnerships with Local Governments, which also received more than $100,000 in-kind from York, is led by York emergency management Associate Professor Eric Kennedy of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies in collaboration with FireSmart Canada; the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources/Aviation, Forest Fires and Emergency Services; and Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction. It is particularly important today as the frequency and severity of wildfires continues to rise, increasingly threatening the health and safety of communities.

Prince Edward Island’s forestry commission has made several recommendations aimed at protecting the province’s forests against the inevitable next big storm. But some members worry the province may be already poised to dismiss the concerns outlined in the final report. The 12-member panel was struck in the wake of Dorian and Fiona, storms that devastated many of P.E.I.’s forests. Commission member Gary Schneider, who works with the Macphail Woods Ecological Forestry Project, said the two storms demonstrated a need for more diversity in the province’s forests. “We’ve got really accurate predictions that white spruce, balsam fir, white birch are not going to do well with the warming climate, whereas red oak, red maple, white ash are going to be doing well,” Schneider said. …The commission’s report recommends that any new provincial policy encourage the development of more resilient forests, and mitigate damage caused by storms and climate change.

Gatineau, Quebec — Natural Resources Canada announced more than $16 million in funding for four tree-planting projects that will bring environmental, health and social benefits to both urban and rural communities across the province of Quebec. The City of Gatineau and the City of Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu are receiving funding for urban tree-planting projects that will plant new trees on public lands, helping to capture carbon, increase biodiversity and cool areas vulnerable to extreme heat. …These projects are being supported in part by Canada’s 2 Billion Trees (2BT) program. This program is dedicated to working with governments and organizations across the country to support the expansion of Canada’s forests while creating sustainable jobs in communities. 

The provincial Forests, Fish and Wildlife division is reminding Islanders that PEI’s wildfire season runs from March 15 to November 15 each year. Anyone planning on burning brush outdoors must check for burning restrictions by calling 1-800-237-5053 or visiting the province’s wildfire information page. Restrictions are updated daily at 2 p.m.  “Please don’t feed the wildfires. PEI had a few forest fires last year, and thankfully the damage was minimal,” said Environment, Energy and Climate Action Minister Gilles Arsenault. “I hope all Islanders will recommit to taking the important steps to prevent forest fires.”

Simcoe County forests are growing — and not just up. Councillors got a brief update Tuesday on the county’s forest management activities last year, as well as finding out what the future holds as the county moves into its 103rd year operating the local forest system… The fact the county has been managing these forests for more than a century is “quite exceptional,” Graeme Davis, who works as a forester for the county, said during Tuesday’s committee of the whole meeting… Of particular note is that the county forests are very active and working forests, Davis added. While harvesting does play an important role, Davis said it’s also important to note that they are about much more than forest harvesting — they also provide “incredible” recreational uses.

…When the Terrace Bay pulp mill opened, an effluent canal was built to connect with Blackbird Creek — a convenient way to send its liquid waste into Lake Superior. It wasn’t until the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement was signed in 1972 that researchers started to focus on the impact industry was having on the Great Lakes. Following that agreement, in 1987 Jackfish Bay and 42 other sites across the Great Lakes in Canada and the U.S. were officially listed as areas of concern. New guidelines were created for discharging effluent into the Great Lakes and their tributaries, and remedial action plans were proposed. But the use of Blackbird Creek as an effluent canal was grandfathered into the Terrace Bay mill’s operations. When it first opened, the mill owner was entitled to choose where to monitor the receiving environment for its effluent. They chose Moberly Bay, the smaller bay at the mouth of Blackbird Creek, on Jackfish Bay.