Daily News for March 17, 2023

Today’s Takeaway

Canada, Ontario invest in caribou conservation

The Tree Frog Forestry News
March 17, 2023
Category: Today's Takeaway

The Canadian and Ontario governments announced separate initiatives in support of boreal caribou. In related news: a New Brunswick title claim puts forest companies at risk; and ENGO’s give low grades for BC old-growth protection. Elsewhere: the UN says we’re losing forests; New Zealand looks to climate-proof its forests; Australia’s native-logging phase-out has problems; and Ireland’s afforestation rate is in decline.

In Business news: a new freight rail proposal for Vancouver Island; federal Conservative leader tours San Group’s Alberni plant; Ontario’s Woodland Mills expands to Texas; South Korea converts coal plants to biomass; and a redux on Cam Brown’s recent recognition.

Finally, the future of mobility in timber; and Fredericton is the Forest Capital of Canada.

Kelly McCloskey, Tree Frog Editor

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Business & Politics

Congratulations Cam Brown, winner of Salmon Arm’s Top 20

Salmon Arm Top 20 over 40
March 17, 2023
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada West

Salmon Arm’s Top 20 program is hosted by Serviss Wealth Management in partnership with Salmon Arm Economic Development Society. This dynamic awards program identifies outstanding entrepreneurs and business professionals across the region. This year, Cam Brown is one of this year’s winners. Cam is a professional forester with 25+ years’ experience in the forestry sector – primarily in consulting roles in western Canada. He manages Forsite’s Resource Management and Technology business unit and has grown it to include offices all across Canada.

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$1B rail and barge network proposed for Island; would help relieve congestion at Vancouver terminals

By Carla Wilson
Victoria Times Colonist
March 17, 2023
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada West

A new company is proposing a partnership with governments and First Nations to establish a $1-billion modern freight rail service between ports in Port Alberni and Nanaimo, supported by barges carrying cargo to the Lower Mainland. “Contemporary rail ­provides a cost-effective and ­environmental means to move cargo, people and support­ ­tourism,” said Dave Hayden, president of Island Rail Corp., who was­ ­previously in senior management with Canadian Pacific Railway. The goal is to provide ­“seamless rail transport” from Port Alberni, with its deep sea port, to Nanaimo and then by barge over to the Lower ­Mainland, where there is direct access to North American rail networks, Hayden said ­Thursday. …The federal government says that could improve import and export capacity of sectors such as forestry, agriculture and seafood.

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Pierre Poilievre pitches value-added forestry practices during San Group Alberni tour

By Elena Rardon
The Alberni Valley News
March 17, 2023
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada West

The leader of the federal Conservative Party was in Port Alberni this week to talk about the forest industry. Pierre Poilievre travelled to Port Alberni to meet with San Group owners Kamal and Suki Sanghera after requesting to tour their facilities. The Sangheras led him through the company’s remanufacturing plant to show him their value-added products, then brought him to the Coulson Sawmill to speak with employees there. …Poilievre said he was impressed by the San Group’s work in the forest industry, especially when it comes to creating value-added products. …Canada needs more of these businesses, Poilievre added, so the country can keep its value-added jobs instead of shipping raw goods overseas. …Kamal Sanghera says San Group has spent the past few years expanding and creating jobs in British Columbia, but the company has been hit hard by duty fees and tariffs.

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Forestry equipment distributor Woodland Mills expands to Houston Texas

By David Koenig
The Merchant Magazine
March 16, 2023
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada East

Ontario, Canada-based forestry equipment manufacturer Woodland Mills has added a distribution center in Houston, Tx. The warehouse joins existing warehouses in Portland, Or.; Buffalo, N.Y.; and Canada to give the company 100,000 sq. ft. of operating space in North America. The new Houston location will allow Woodland Mills to utilize Port Houston, giving the company a third port of entry in the U.S. This diversity will help enhance shipping efficiency and mitigate the impacts of elevated port congestion. Regional consumers will no longer have to wait for their orders to ship from the Oregon or New York locations.

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AF&PA Opposes Environmental Protection Agency’s Final Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard Rule

American Forest & Paper Association
March 15, 2023
Category: Business & Politics
Region: United States

WASHINGTON – The American Forest & Paper Association issued the following statement on the Environmental Protection Agency’s final rule for Federal Implementation Plans (FIP) Addressing Regional Ozone Transport for the 2015 Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NOx FIP). The NOx FIP is a multibillion-dollar Clean Air Act rule that would, for the first time, include 7 manufacturing sectors, including U.S. paper mills. “In its decision to regulate paper mill boilers, EPA failed to consider new information we provided showing our industry did not meet legal thresholds in the proposed rule. “Our industry’s inclusion in the final rule will not meaningfully improve air quality. The pulp and paper industry is already a leader in sustainable manufacturing, and our mills have reduced NOx emissions by 50% since 2000. Furthermore, this regulatory action will be significantly higher than EPA’s cost threshold of $7,500/ton for inclusion. At a time when the Administration is seeking to strengthen U.S. supply chains, this rule becomes a new obstacle.  

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Finance & Economics

U.S. single-family housing starts, building permits rebound in February

Reuters
March 16, 2023
Category: Finance & Economics
Region: United States

WASHINGTON, March 16 (Reuters) – U.S. single-family homebuilding and permits for future construction rebounded in February, offering hope that the housing market was probably stabilizing after being hammered by higher mortgage rates. Single-family housing starts, which account for the bulk of homebuilding, increased 1.1% to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 830,000 units last month, the Commerce Department said on Thursday. Data for January was revised down to show single-family homebuilding falling to a rate of 821,000 units instead of the previously reported 841,000 unit-pace. Single-family homebuilding increased in the Northeast and West, but tumbled in the densely populated South as well as the Midwest. Single-family housing starts dropped 31.6% on a year-on-year basis in February. The housing market has been choked by the Federal Reserve’s most aggressive interest rate hiking cycle since the 1980s to tame inflation. But the worst of the housing market downturn could be over. 

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Plunge in US Forest Product Price Index as Production Holds Steady

Forests2Market Blog
March 17, 2023
Category: Finance & Economics
Region: United States

Production seems to be holding steady as we finish out Q1. But the numbers in the forest product sector can’t match the highs they enjoyed a year ago. Total industrial production (IP) was unchanged in January at +0.8% year-over-year (YoY) after falling 0.6% and 1.0% in November and December, respectively. In January, manufacturing output moved up 0.9% (+0.4% expected). Within durables manufacturing, wood products (-1.0%) and furniture posted the only losses. Paper (+0.6%) contributed to gains within nondurables. Forest2Market is forecasting quarter-over-quarter (QoQ) changes in total IP to range between ‑4.9% and +3.7% annualized rates during the next 24 months with an overall average of -0.2%. …In the forest products sector, price indices fared somewhat worse:

  • Pulp, Paper & Allied Products: +0.5% (+7.8% YoY)
  • Lumber & Wood Products: -0.6% (-12.3% YoY)
  • Softwood Lumber: -5.1% (-44.1% YoY)
  • Wood Fiber: -0.6% (+1.4% YoY)

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US home construction unexpectedly surged in February as slump in lumber prices offset pain of rising mortgage rates

By Carla Mozee
Business Insider
March 16, 2023
Category: Finance & Economics
Region: United States

Data for February showed that new housing construction spiked unexpectedly in February, aided by falling lumber prices during the month while mortgage rates continued to tick higher. Lumber prices jumped Thursday following data showing housing starts on single-family and multi-family homes surged 9.8% last month to 1.45 million units on a seasonally adjusted annual rate, according to data from the Census Bureau. The result overshot median projections of 1.31 million units in a Bloomberg survey of economists. Lumber prices rose 5.8% to $438.60 per thousand board feet. The government’s report showed a 24% rise in starts for multi-family units, or apartment buildings, to 620,000  fronted February’s gain in housing starts. …Lumber prices have returned to pre-pandemic territory, hovering around $400 per thousand board feet over the past few months, a noticeable decline from last year.

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Wood, Paper & Green Building

Clean, green and smart – reimagining the future of mobility in timber

By Branko Miletic
Architecture and Design Australia
March 16, 2023
Category: Wood, Paper & Green Building
Region: International

“The mobility of the future will be more diverse, smarter, more shared, cleaner and greener. Cities must again be there for people, not cars, protecting the environment,” says Belgian-born, Paris-based architect Vincent Callebaut who seeks to reinvent the automobile and transport sector with Timber Mobilities, a range of 5 prototype vehicles designed for “peaceful and ecological mobility on land, in the air and on the water”. Designed by a team of 5 architects at Vincent Callebaut Architectures using AI assistance, the five prototypes combine ergonomic architecture with a biomimetic design, renewable energy (solar, biohydrogen, green micro-algae), and a mix of bio-based materials (cross laminated timber and engineered bamboo) and recycled materials (recycled aluminium and fibreglass) to showcase a vision of the mobility of the future. The five imaginative vehicles include the hydrofoil – a ferry boat; VTOL bus – a flying bus; shuttle – a public transport vehicle; bike – a light bicycle; and car – an autonomous vehicle for city driving.

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Forestry

Canada supports caribou conservation in Nunavut

By Environment and Climate Change Canada
Cison Newswire
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada

IQALUIT, Nunavut — Steven Guilbeault, Minister of Environment and Climate Change, announced that the Government of Canada will invest $6.6 million over four years to support the Government of Nunavut’s multi-year research and monitoring activities of the 13 barren-ground, Dolphin Union, and Peary Caribou herds in the territory. … The investment supports aerial surveys, the launch of a telemetry program using remote sensors, and significant data analysis. Data gathered on caribou migration patterns, habitat usage, and other trends will guide future decisions involving the culturally-significant species—such as allowable harvest quotas and improving understanding of the impacts of development. Caribou have provided food, tools, and clothes to the Inuit for thousands of years. The investment also supports ongoing engagement activities in communities throughout Nunavut in partnership with regional wildlife and hunting organizations.

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Pioneering forestry researcher Suzanne Simard to receive the 2023 Lewis Thomas Prize

The Rockefeller University
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Suzanne Simard

In her scientific memoir, Finding the Mother Tree: Discovering the Wisdom of the Forest, forestry researcher Suzanne Simard gracefully intertwines her private and professional lives. As a child, she learned the rough-and-ready ways of her logging ancestors and developed a deep devotion and commitment to forests. As a researcher, she pressed colleagues to look beyond the superficial, above-ground perception that forests are merely collections of individual trees. …For her inspiring and illuminating writing, she will be presented with the Lewis Thomas Prize for Writing about Science at The Rockefeller University on April 17. Named after its first recipient, noted physician-scientist and essayist Lewis Thomas, the prize was established in 1993 by Rockefeller’s Board of Trustees.

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Columbia Basin Trust supports ecosystem restoration programs around the region

By Paul Rodgers
The Kimberley Bulletin
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Columbia Basin Trust’s most recent Ecosystem Enhancement Program will provide funding to ten projects that seek to enhance biodiversity and ecosystems throughout the region. CBT will distribute $2.6 million in support to four large-scale projects around the Basin and $316,000 to six smaller scale, shorter-term projects, to prioritize on-the-ground action aimed at improving ecological health and native biodiversity. The Ecosystem Enhancement Program has supported 27 total programs. …Kimberley’s Randy Moody, president of the Whitebark Pine Ecosystem Foundation of Canada (WPEFC) has spent nearly two decades working to preserve and protect the endangered tree species in the Purcell and Rocky mountains.

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BC gets low grades from environmentalists on old-growth forest protection

By Darrian Matassa-Fung & Paul Johnson
Global News
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

A report card from B.C. environmental organizations said the province is still continuing to score failing grades as old-growth forests remain at risk. Sierra Club BC, Stand.earth, and the Wilderness Committee issued their fifth report card, assessing the B.C. government’s progress in implementing the Old Growth Strategic Review (OGSR) recommendations. The report card comes two-and-a-half years into the provincial government’s three-year timeline for implementing all 14 recommendations from the OGSR. “It is crucial because we are close to the brink with some of the last endangered old-growth forests.” said Jens Wieting, Sierra Club BC. …“We are nowhere close to the implementation of the three-year promise from the government — it has not translated to the ground,” Wieting said. The organizations gave the province failing grades on issues including action on funding for conservation, changing course in forest stewardship and transparency.

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‘Forest industry made its own bed’

Letter by Anthony Britneff
Prince George Citizen
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Re: Pellet sector not to blame for forestry problems. In his letter, David Elstone’s absolution of the forest industry is history by omission, a version that does not withstand closer scrutiny. What Elstone fails to tell readers is that the forest industry made its own bed and is responsible, not for the mountain pine infestation itself, but for the way in which it chose to log dead wood and where. …As to Elstone’s trumpeting of a recent study that found that 85 per cent of the B.C. pellet industry’s fibre supply comes from byproducts of sawmills, we are left asking: Who financed the study? Drax? Who provided the data? Drax? And why didn’t the forest professionals who authored the study use the same data sourced by Ben Parfitt from official government records?

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New forestry undergraduate program aims to offer students flexibility, community

By Rhea Beauchesne
The Ubyssey
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

UNIVERSITY OF BC — Forestry students are about to see a massive change in how their faculty grants undergraduate degrees. Starting in fall 2024, five of the Forestry department’s seven existing Bachelor’s degrees will become majors under a new, unified Bachelor’s of Science in Natural Resources. Currently, the faculty offers seven direct-entry undergraduate programs, five of which are Bachelor’s of Science. These five will be combined into the new program, with students having the option to choose bioeconomy sciences and technology, conservation, forest management, forest operations, forest sciences or wood products as majors. New students will no longer need to choose which Bachelors of Science program they want to pursue before coming to UBC. Rather, they will take a common core of 20 credits in first year before having to declare their major going into second year. 

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‘A really beautiful moment’: reporter Steph Wood reflects on her trip to Clayoquot Sound

By Arik Ligeti
The Narwhal
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Thirty years after B.C.’s War in the Woods, where do things stand in the fight for old-growth forests? That’s the question The Narwhal’s Steph Kwetásel’wet Wood and David Suzuki posed on a trip to the site of that seminal battle against logging in Clayoquot Sound, on the west coast of Vancouver Island.  “The forest is still standing,” Suzuki notes, but “the bridge is breaking down.” The impacts of the historic logging blockade are on full display in Clayoquot Sound, and the subject of the brand new documentary War for the Woods airing this Friday on CBC’s The Nature of Things (you can already stream it here on CBC Gem).  Steph and David take viewers on that 30-year journey through archival footage, old-growth maps and interviews with members of First Nations who have stewarded these lands for thousands of years. 

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Funding partnership provides $2.5M in wildfire mitigation for Kootenay communities

By Trevor Crawley
Cranbrook Daily Townsman
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Communities in the Kootenay region are collectively receiving $2.5 million for wildfire mitigation projects through a funding partnership between the Columbia Basin Trust and the Province. “Wildfire-resilient communities are built through partnerships and people working together to protect our forests and surrounding communities,” said Bruce Ralston, Minister of Forests. “These wildfire risk reduction projects are a valuable part of healthy, sustainable forest management in BC. Thank you to Columbia Basin Trust and the 20 communities and organizations around the Basin that are doing this important work.” The Columbia Basin Trust is administering the funding to 20 different communities in the Columbia Basin, as the funding partners also include the Ministry of Forests and the BC Wildfire Service, through the province’s Community Resiliency Investment Program.

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‘Legacy of bold resistance’: how the Tla-o-qui-aht are protecting 100% of their territory

By Steph Kwetásel’wet Wood
The Narwhal
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Saya Masso

Saya Masso stands in front of a culturally modified tree. It has two massive crevices down its trunk, leaving a large smooth block in the middle of otherwise bumpy bark. This smooth block was left after Tla-o-qui-aht (ƛaʔuukʷiʔatḥ) people cut planks from the tree for a long house hundreds of years ago — a way of harvesting the wood they needed while preserving a living tree for centuries to come, he explains. …Logging companies didn’t approach forestry management in the same way. …So they fought back. In 1984, Nuu-chah-nulth people famously turned away B.C.-based logging company MacMillan Bloedel, which planned to clear cut old-growth forests. It was the first major logging blockade in Canadian history, and the beginning of a series of blockades in Clayoquot Sound known as the War in the Woods. 

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Timelapse shows significant deforestation on Vancouver Island over 39 years

By Curtis Blandy
Victoria Buzz
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Thanks to Google Earth Engine, people are able to see the effects of humans on our ecosystems happen in a flash. On Vancouver Island specifically, it’s easy to see the deforestation of Fairy Creek near Port Renfrew as well as several other locations. The provincial government recently made an announcement on efforts in protecting some of Vancouver Island’s last precious old-growth groves and pristine ecosystems. …This innovative tool also sheds light on urban sprawl in metro areas such as Greater Victoria, specifically, the Westshore. In 1984, when the timelapse began, the population of Greater Victoria was around 242,000. Now the population has grown to nearly 398,000. Greater Victoria is limited in where it can sprawl to, but Langford and the entirety of the Westshore have boomed and sprawled considerably over the past 39 years. 

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Forestry companies say they’re at risk because of Wolastoqey title claim to more than half New Brunswick

By Mia Urquhart
CBC News
March 17, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada East

Some of the New Brunswick’s largest forestry companies say their business operations are at risk as a result of a title claim by the Wolastoqey Nation for about 60 per cent of land in the province. Three companies — and several subsidiaries — want a specific document removed from the claim, and they’ve recently filed legal motions asking the Court of King’s Bench to do so. They say allowing “certificates of pending litigation” — which warn others the land is part of an ongoing legal dispute — to be registered “is likely to disrupt and undermine the operations” of their companies, according to the motions, copies of which were obtained by CBC. The companies are part of a long list of defendants that includes some of the province’s largest entities, including the Province of New Brunswick, the Government of Canada, power companies, rail lines and recreational companies. 

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Fredericton named Forest Capital of Canada for 2023

Fredericton News
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada East

The City of Fredericton and the Greater Fredericton Region have been named as the Forest Capital of Canada for 2023.  The designation by the Canadian Institute of Forestry (CIF) kicks off a year-long celebration of the city’s rich forest history and the valuable role forestry has played in the social and environmental growth of the Greater Fredericton region. …“For a city whose motto is ‘Noble Daughter of the Forest’, being named Forest Capital of Canada is certainly a great honour,” said Fredericton Mayor Kate Rogers. …Fredericton and the region is a hub for excellence in the forest profession, home to several leading forest sector companies, as well as boasting several forest research, training and advocacy organizations within the Hugh John Flemming Forestry Complex. 

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Ontario pledges $29M to protect boreal caribou — but the spending isn’t without criticism

By Sarah Law
CBC News
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada East

David Piccini

Ontario plans to spend $29 million to help protect an iconic — and threatened — species: boreal caribou. David Piccini, the provincial minister made the announcement Wednesday. The funding will be distributed over four years to support habitat restoration and protection as well as monitoring, science and research. …On Wednesday, The Canadian Press published excerpts from a letter from federal Minister Steven Guilbeault to the provincial government that criticizes Ontario’s approach. …If Guilbeault finds Ontario is not effectively protecting boreal caribou, he has the power to recommend a protection order under the federal Species At Risk Act. Ian Dunn, CEO of the Ontario Forest Industries Association, spoke of the importance of industry involvement in conservation efforts. “It is simply dangerous and irresponsible for a federal government to even be considering injunctions across Ontario’s north and Quebec’s north,” Dunn said. “Canada’s commitments to the five-year conservation agreement [need] to be honoured.”

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85th Annual Oregon Logging Conference…That’s a Wrap!

Oregon Logging Conference
March 17, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US West

The 85th Annual Oregon Logging Conference boasted more registered attendees and exhibitors this year. The inclement weather did cause the cancellation of elementary school tours and prevented some of the students from attending the Future Forestry Workers Career Day. But the setback did not dampen the spirits of all those who came out to the Lane Event Center and Fairgrounds in Eugene, OR.  Overall, pre-registered attendance was up 18% and exhibitor participation was up 17% over last year. As the weather improved during the Oregon Logging Conference (OLC), so did attendance, especially on the final day of the Conference, which is Family Day, and open to the public with no admission charge.  Conference Manager Rikki Wellman said registration was up this year and there were more displays including several first-time exhibitors. 

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Phasing out native logging in Victoria (Australia) is creating headaches

By Meghan Lindsay
Cosmos Magazine
March 17, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: International

The plan to phase out logging by 2030 doesn’t have many friends. Three years ago, the Labor Government of Victoria announced that it would be phasing out all native forest logging by 2030. Now both environmentalists and industry are worried that this plan is not going to work. There were mixed feelings when the Government announced an end to native forest logging in November 2019. Anger permeated the industry, with concerns that it would lead to many people losing their jobs, businesses closing and the collapse of regional towns that rely on logging as their main industry. Environment groups were pleased to see a first step towards banning native forest logging, with concerns of their own that stopping native forest logging by 2030 was not fast enough. The Victorian Forestry Plan (VFP) was created to map out the transition away from out of native forest logging. 

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World losing forests the size of Iceland – every year

United Nations
March 17, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: International

The world is losing 10 million hectares of forest each year due to deforestation – about the size of Iceland, Europe´s second biggest island. In addition, insects damage around 35 million hectares of forest annually. This is extremely serious, not least given the fact that forests are key to combating climate change. 21 March is the International Day of Forests. Iceland, as a matter of fact, is an example of an early man-made ecological disasters. When people mostly of Nordic origin settled the uninhabited island in the late 9th century it was according to legend was generally forested. “At the time of human settlement birch forest and woodland covered 25-40% of Iceland’s land area,” say Edda Sigurdís Oddsdóttir and Arnór Snorrason, respectively heads of research and climate at the Icelandic Forest Service.

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Future Forests Need To Be Multifunctional To Meet Climate Change In Tairāwhiti

By New Zealand Farm Forestry Association
Scoop Independent News
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: International

The Farm Forestry Association says the just convened Ministerial Inquiry, into land-use across Tairāwhiti, needs to look closely at the tree options for shoring up vulnerable farm and former forest land in the region, or it will leave a legacy of mistakes long into the future. The President, Graham West, says it is no longer just a simple matter of deciding between production pines and native trees. “With climate change, forests need to be multifunctional in response. They need to intercept rainfall with deep crowns. They need to root graft to link together the tree roots across the hillside, and they need to sequester carbon and hold it for long periods. Many forest systems only do one or two of these three things.”

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What’s going wrong with Ireland’s forests?

By Aoife Ryan-Christensen
RTE Ireland
March 16, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: International

IRELAND — Planting trees where there weren’t any before is a big part of how Ireland plans to achieve its national goal of 18% forest cover by 2050. We’re currently at 11,6%. …Nearly three decades ago, the Government introduced an ambitious plan of planting 20,000 hectares (ha) of forest a year. Rates of afforestation – planting trees on land where there weren’t any before – had reached a high of 23,710ha in 1995. We never got there though and the annual afforestation target has been reduced to 8,000ha in recent years. …But Central Statistics Office figures show that we’ve been missing our afforestation target every single year for at least a decade. Planting reached a high of 8,314 hectares in 2010 and a new low of 2,016 hectares in 2021, just 25% of the target. 

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Carbon, Climate & Bioenergy

South Korea’s SGC Energy to help Vietnam convert coal plants to biomass

By David Rogers
Global Construction Review
March 17, 2023
Category: Carbon, Climate & Bioenergy
Region: International

SGC Energy, a South Korean renewables company, is to work with Vietnamese power engineering consultant PECC1 to convert coal power plants into biomass-burning facilities, Bioenergy Insight reports.   The partnership was formed after Vietnam decided to phase out coal power generation. This which currently accounts for 40% of the country’s installed capacity. Last year, the country announced that it aimed to safeguard its rapidly growing economy by doubling installed capacity to 146GW by 2030 while reducing its dependence on coal. …Vietnam has a large biomass potential, particularly in the form of wood pellets and residues from rice farming. The country is the second-largest exporter of wood pellets, after the US, with an annual export volume of more than 3.5 million tonnes, which earned around $400m in 2021.

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