Daily News for February 28, 2023

Today’s Takeaway

Domtar sells Dryden pulp mill, paving way for Resolute acquisition

The Tree Frog Forestry News
February 28, 2023
Category: Today's Takeaway

Domtar/Paper Excellence announced the sale of their Dryden, Ontario pulp mill, paving way for Resolute acquisition. In other Company news: Canfor Pulp layoffs take effect in two months; Mercer announces new CFO; and JELD-WEN and Rayonier AM report positive Q4s. In other Business news: the US Climate plan requires Canada to up its competitiveness; and hard-hit BC forest dependent towns look for budget relief. 

In other news: Canada invests to reverse biodiversity loss; Alberta splits wildlife branch into two; researchers say human-wildlife conflicts are on the rise; Michigan forests altered by climate change; and Minnesota assesses worst case climate scenarios. 

Finally, a tragic logging truck accident in Alberta, and a new risk management award program in Ontario.

Kelly McCloskey, Tree Frog Editor

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Business & Politics

Mercer announces promotion of Richard Short to CFO

Mercer International Inc.
February 27, 2023
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, International

NEW YORK – Mercer International announced that David Ure, who has served as CFO and Secretary since 2015, will be leaving the Company effective June 1, 2023. Mercer has promoted its Vice President, Controller, Richard Short to succeed Mr. Ure as Chief Financial Officer and Secretary. Mr. Ure will step down from his current executive duties after more than seven years as CFO and over 17 years in all with the Company. Mr. Ure will continue as an advisor until the end of August 2023 to assist Mr. Short and Mercer to facilitate a smooth transition. Juan Carlos Bueno, CEO, said, ‘We sincerely appreciate David’s contributions and his support through the transition process and wish him all the best going forward.’

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Biden’s ‘Buy American’ measures require Canada to improve competitiveness

By Derek Nighbor, Forest Products Association of Canada
iPolitics
February 27, 2023
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, United States

Derek Nighbor

President Joe Biden has made significant moves in recent months to strengthen prospects for American workers and businesses. …The U.S. has also decided to proceed with a national climate plan that is aggressive on policy, heavy on market incentives and, most notably, does not include a carbon tax. As the carbon price in Canada increases, we need to ensure that our climate action enables our competitiveness rather than hinders it. …First, the federal government should immediately move to adopt deliberate carbon reduction and economic growth action plans for key industries like forestry. …Increasing transparency and fairness in carbon pricing will be an essential component of setting industry up for success. …We must also accelerate the use of low-carbon building materials, particularly in federally funded infrastructure projects. Lastly, Canada needs to recognize the potential of low-grade wood and wood waste for our renewable energy supply and to power district heating systems. 

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Stressed forestry communities look for B.C. budget help

By Derrick Penner
The Vancouver Sun
February 27, 2023
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada West

B.C.’s struggling mill towns could use more targeted spending in Tuesday’s provincial budget to help backstop their diversification, according to the mayor of Houston, one of the harder-hit communities. “Small communities are difficult, because you still need the same things you need in bigger communities,” said Shane Brienen. …And while the province, in its last budget, committed $185 million over three years to help forest-dependent communities cope with job losses, Brienen said those cities and towns are looking for a better deal from resource revenues that have flowed into the province. …Finance Minister Katrine Conroy, who was B.C.’s forestry minister prior to being appointed to her new role by Premier David Eby, said Monday that the province is working with communities on diversifying the forest industry. …Brienen, however, said small towns that know themselves better than provincial politicians have other ideas for how to diversify their economies.

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Prince George Pulp layoffs won’t take effect at least until end of April

By Ted Clarke
The Prince George Citizen
February 27, 2023
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada West

The union representing more than 200 workers facing unemployment after Canfor announced its plan to permanently shut down the pulp line at Prince George Pulp Mill still doesn’t know how many positions will be lost. Chuck LeBlanc, president of Local 9 of the Public and Private Workers of Canada, says some workers at the plant have already left the mill to take other jobs. …He said several other pulp companies have hosted job fairs to recruit some of the affected Canfor employees. Some have indicated they will accept job offers from the Tidewater Midstream refinery adjacent to Prince George Pulp, which is undergoing an expansion to build a renewable diesel plant. …The plant will stop receiving chips on April 3 and the shutdown and cleanup processes will likely be completed by the end of April, which means the affected workers will keep their jobs for at least the next two months.

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Small town B.C. hit hard by forestry downturn

By Nelson Bennett
Business in Vancouver
February 27, 2023
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada West

B.C.’s forestry industry is shrinking both in scale and importance to B.C.’s overall economy, with the biggest impacts of sawmill and pulp mill curtailments and closures felt in smaller cities and towns, according to Bryan Yu, chief economist for Central 1 Credit Union. …“Yu estimates the sawmill and pulp mill closures announced just in the last couple of months represents 850 lost jobs: Port Alberni, 100; Chetwynd, 150; Prince George, 300; Houston, 300. Yu expects there may be more curtailments in 2023, thanks to a weakening demand for lumber in the housing sector. …“I know that the government is looking to support the sector – either creating incentives to repurpose some of these mills, do some more value-added — but that’s going to be more of a difficult transition for the sector. You can’t really just replace some of these forestry jobs that easily.” …Downturns that result in curtailments and mill closures have a significant impact on the local economies of forestry dependent towns and cities.

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Domtar Announces Sale of Dryden Mill

By Domtar Corporation
Business Wire in the National Post
February 28, 2023
Category: Business & Politics
Region: Canada, Canada East

FORT MILL, South Carolina — Domtar Corporation, a part of the Paper Excellence Group, and First Quality Enterprises announced that they have entered into an agreement to sell Domtar’s Dryden pulp mill to First Quality. The Dryden transaction, expected to close early in the third quarter, is subject to customary closing conditions, including receipt of required regulatory approvals and the closing of the Resolute Forest Products Inc. transaction. First Quality has made clear to Domtar its commitment to the Dryden Mill, its employees and the surrounding community and that First Quality fully intends to continue business operations consistent with past practices. …The Resolute transaction remains on course to close in the first half of 2023. …The First Quality family of companies is a closely held, diversified group of companies manufacturing, selling and distributing branded and private label absorbent hygiene, paper and packaging products into the healthcare, retail and commercial channels. 

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Finance & Economics

JELD-WEN Reports Q4 Results and Establishes 2023 Guidance

Jeld-Web Holdings, Inc.
February 21, 2023
Category: Finance & Economics
Region: United States, US East

CHARLOTTE, N.C., — JELD-WEN Holding, Inc. today announced results for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2022. Comparability is to the same period in the prior year, unless otherwise noted. Net revenue of $1,331.4 million increased 3.5% in the fourth quarter driven by 9% Core Revenue growth. Net income was $33.6 million or $0.40 per share, compared to net income of $42.1 million or $0.45 per share during the same quarter a year ago. Net income includes net after-tax charges of $5.9 million or $0.07 per share, compared to net after-tax charges of $7.0 million or $0.08 per share during the same quarter a year ago. …Adjusted EBITDA was $99.6 million, compared to $120.1 million during the same quarter a year ago. Adjusted EBITDA margins contracted by 180 basis points year-over-year to 7.5%.

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Rayonier Advanced Materials reports positive Q4, full year 2022 results

Rayonier Advanced Materials
February 27, 2023
Category: Finance & Economics
Region: United States, US East

JACKSONVILLE, Florida — Rayonier Advanced Materials announced fourth quarter and full year 2022 results. Highlights for Q4 include: Net sales for the fourth quarter of $500 million, up $126 million, or 34 percent, from prior year quarter; Income from continuing operations for the fourth quarter of $4 million, up $32 million, or 114 percent, from prior year quarter. Loss from continuing operations for the full year 2022 of $27 million, an improvement of $23 million, or 46 percent, compared to prior year loss; Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations for the fourth quarter of $55 million, up $28 million, or 104 percent, from prior year quarter. Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations for the full year 2022 of $177 million, up $50 million, or 39 percent, from prior year.

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The Global Sawlog Price Index fell late in 2022 following a 40% gain over two years

By Hakan Ekstrom
Wood Resources International
February 28, 2023
Category: Finance & Economics
Region: International

Wood raw-material costs for sawmills in North America and Europe eased in the 3Q/22 as demand and prices for lumber fell. A few countries faced slight log price increases in their local currencies, but with the strengthening US dollar, practically all markets worldwide had lower log costs in dollar terms compared to the 2Q/22. As a result, the Global Sawlog Price Index (GSPI) fell about five percent from its all-time high in the previous quarter. Since the index fell to a ten-year low in early 2020, it has climbed steadily and was up 40% over two years. …The European log market has undergone dramatic changes in supply and demand over the past five years, resulted in the most substantial price fluctuations the Wood Resource Quarterly has observed in almost 30 years of tracking wood markets. 

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Forestry

Alberta government says province prepared for wildfire season

The Red Deer Advocate
February 27, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Wildland firefighters, supported airtankers and other specialized equipment are ready for the wildfire season ahead, says the Government of Alberta. In a news release issued Monday, the provincial government declared it is prepared for the wildfire season, which runs from March 1 to Oct. 31 in Alberta. “As folks look forward to enjoying Alberta’s wonderful outdoor spaces over the months ahead, we’re focussed on keeping communities safe,” said Todd Loewen, minister of Forestry, Parks and Tourism. “Alberta Wildfire has leading-edge firefighting resources positioned across the province, ready to respond to new wildfires as they arise, and continues to test and implement emerging tools and innovation designed to increase our wildfire management capabilities. It’s important that everyone plays an active role preventing wildfires from starting.”

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Does the ‘Woodwide Web’ Exist? Trees May Not Have Internet After All

By Lauren Leffer
Gizmodo
February 27, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

You’ve probably heard the stories: that through an intricate network of underground fungi, trees send nutrients and warning signals back and forth to one another. In Pulitzer Prize-wining novels, New York Times feature articles, PBS documentaries, and TED talks, there have been ample mentions about the “woodwide web,” or the fungus-mediated connections that supposedly help forests thrive. But that concept may not be all it’s cracked up to be. Every so often in science, a revision is in order. A prevailing idea inflates to inaccurate proportions. A set of experiments is taken out of context. Uncertainty gets ignored in favor of the most interesting explanation. …Through these multiple avenues of misinterpretation, existing research might not actually support the importance of fungal connections between trees for forest health, according to a new analysis. … A sweeping review study, published in Nature Ecology and Evolution, presents a counter-narrative … of underground fungi in forests. 

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Alberta splits wildlife management into hunting, fishing and everything else

By Bob Weber
CTV News
February 28, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

EDMONTON – Alberta’s United Conservative Party government has moved on a proposal to split wildlife management responsibilities in the province, creating a new department of hunting and fishing in the Forestry, Parks and Tourism Ministry. The new branch, according to an internal memo obtained and confirmed by The Canadian Press, will “increase focus and capacity on supporting hunting and fishing as an activity on Crown lands.” The memo says the branch will now govern allocation of fish and wildlife, including sport fishing regulations, hunting tags, trapping licences and human-wildlife conflicts. It leaves population counts, habitat and land use policy, species at risk management and wildlife disease management within Alberta Environment and Protected Areas — splitting work that should be interconnected and taking the province back decades, critics say. Lorne Fitch said the move will make it harder to track and manage the overall health of Alberta’s wilderness.

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Sapsucker housing crisis: endangered woodpecker ‘condos’ are being clear cut

By Sarah Cox
The Narwhal
February 27, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Biologist Les Gyug was working for B.C.’s environment ministry when a logging permit application caught his eye. A forestry company planned to clearcut rare old-growth larch stands in the province’s southern interior, set aside decades earlier as seed trees to allow for natural regeneration. “Rather than log them, let’s go look, and see what’s in them,” Gyug recalls saying. He expected to find a suite of forest birds in the scattered 400-year-old western larch stands… Walking through the trees after dawn, binoculars in hand, he heard a mysterious bird drumming in staccato rhythm. “I had never heard this before. And I realized only afterwards, ‘Jeez, that was a Williamson’s sapsucker and it was in an old larch stand!’ ” …“Critical habitat is still being logged,” Gyug tells The Narwhal. “If we keep losing it, [the sapsucker] will never get off the endangered list … And right now, we’re just not doing enough.”

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Government of Canada invests in reversing biodiversity loss through conservation breeding program for caribou in Jasper National Park

By Parks Canada
Cision Newswire
February 27, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

JASPER NATIONAL PARK, AB – Today, the Honourable Steven Guilbeault, Minister of Environment and Climate Change and Minister responsible for Parks Canada, announced plans to move forward on a new caribou conservation breeding program to support southern mountain caribou recovery in Jasper National Park. The program’s goal is to rebuild dwindling caribou populations in Jasper National Park that are too small to recover on their own. As a result of today’s announcement, Parks Canada is taking the first steps toward implementing this first-of-its-kind caribou conservation breeding program. …Efforts to protect caribou and critical habitat for caribou in Jasper National Park are part of a broader effort by federal and provincial governments and Indigenous partners, peoples and communities to support the recovery of caribou across Canada.

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BC Community Forest Association February Newsletter

BC Community Forest Association
February 27, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Congratulations to Dan Macmaster, Manager of the West Boundary Community Forest  for being named Forester of the Year by his colleagues in the Association of BC Forest Professionals. We are lucky to have you on the BCCFA board!

  • BC Community Forest Association Conference: Kamloops, BC, June 7-9, 2023
  • Ministry announces actions to accelerate implementation of Old Growth Strategic Review 
  • Congratulations to the Speĺkúmtn Community Forest
  • 2023 Indicators Survey – Deadline April 14th  
  • The Eniyud Community Forest has a new website

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In British Columbia, Skiers and Forest Conservationists Work in Tandem

By Jayme Moye
Condé Nast Traveler
February 27, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada West

Panorama Mountain Resort in British Columbia is home to western Canada’s first and only endangered tree: the Whitebark pine. And this resort is at the helm of a new partnership with the Whitebark Pine Ecosystem Foundation of Canada to save it. Whitebark pine is a hardy, long-lived species of tree that can flourish for centuries. But during the past decade, a non-native fungal disease known as white pine blister rust has been killing the trees at an alarming rate. …In 2021, Panorama permitted the Whitebark Pine Ecosystem Foundation of Canada to plant 5,000 Whitebark pines within its resort boundaries. And for the past several years, Andrew Nelson, the resort’s Avalanche Risk Manager, has been facilitating access to the resort for scientists and technicians from the Foundation who want to study Whitebark pines, in hopes of identifying individuals naturally resistant to the white pine blister rust, and collecting cones for planting new trees. 

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We don’t have decades to fix our forests

By Helga Guderley, Healthy Forest Coalition
The Saltwire Network
February 27, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: Canada, Canada East

NOVA SCOTIA — We need to preserve our forests both to sequester carbon and to maintain biodiversity so that life on Earth can continue for our children and grandchildren. Thus, I am deeply concerned with the recent return of “business as usual” in the Houston government’s handling of forestry. Three examples stand out: The mandated increase in biomass burning for power generation; The heavy harvests that have been proposed in Eastern Nova Scotia; and The lack of environmental assessment and forestry management plans for Port Hawkesbury Paper’s Forest Utilisation Agreement. We appear to be regressing after some improvement stemming from two massive reviews: William Lahey’s review of forest practices in 2018 and the Natural Resources Strategy 2010. …DNRR seems to be returning to “business as usual” while paying lip service to Lahey’s recommendations for ecological forestry. This cannot be allowed.

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Dozens protest proposed Bureau of Land Management logging project near Williams

By Kevin McNamara
KTVL News 10
February 27, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US West

Several dozen people protested at the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) office in Medford on Monday to make their voices heard about a proposed commercial logging project in their area. The site in question is a roughly 830-acre plot of land in both the Williams and Murphy areas. “They’re taking away a huge chunk of our recreational land… It’s the old-growth trees that are the most important,” said protester Cheryl Bruner. The group is concerned about its impact on the environment there, both for the people living in the area as well as the habitat of the endangered spotted owl. …The group is frustrated and says the move would go against a directive from Pres. Biden to preserve old-growth forests like the one in Josephine County. They are optimistic they can have an impact on the project.

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Ex-logger warns that activists are making ag, water their next targets

By Jeff Rice
Journal-Advocate
February 27, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US West

Bruce Vincent

Environmental opportunists hijacked the timber industry’s environmental movement, ultimately harming the industry and the forests it was trying to save. Bruce Vincent, a former logger turned forestry activist spoke at the 2023 Colorado Conference on Agriculture saying they need find common ground with environmentalists so they can help guide discussions that affect their industries. Vincent, who grew up in a logging family in northwestern Montana and had his own successful logging business, said the initial work by environmentalists to save the forests of the Pacific Northwest was crucial to making changes in the logging industry. Instead of clear-cutting – cutting down every tree in a tract – loggers had to learn how to be selective and to develop new machinery to surgically remove trees. The result, he said, was better-managed forests and more efficient logging. But some in the environmental movement saw money to be made, Vincent said, and “started saving America to death.”

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Scientists dispute environmentalists’ claims about logging limits

By George Plaven
Baker City Herald
February 27, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US West

PENDLETON — A group of scientists and university professors is disputing claims made by environmental activists in a lawsuit over logging certain trees on six national forests in Eastern Oregon and southeastern Washington. The issue centers on a series of land management standards known as the Eastside Screens, adopted in 1995 to protect wildlife habitat and water quality on approximately 10 million acres of national forests. One of the rules included a ban on cutting down any trees larger than 21 inches in diameter at breast height.The U.S. Forest Service axed the 21-inch rule in January 2021 — five days before President Donald Trump exited the White House. …Six environmental groups are suing the Forest Service in the U.S. District Court in Pendleton alleging the agency’s decision was rushed and lacked a full environmental analysis, violating several federal laws including the National Environmental Policy Act, Endangered Species Act and National Forest Management Act.

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Research reveals climate crisis is driving a rise in human-wildlife conflicts

By Phoebe Weston
The Guardian
February 27, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US West

…the climate crisis is causing a rise in conflicts that lead to injury or death for humans and wildlife, new research shows. The climate crisis is making food, water and healthy habitats harder to come by, forcing animals and human populations into new ranges or previously uninhabited places. It is also changing the way they behave. This means a rise in human-wildlife conflicts, as well as damage to personal property and loss of livelihoods for people, according to a review paper led by the University of Washington. The team looked at 30 years of research and found that the number of studies linking climate breakdown to conflict had quadrupled in the past 10 years compared with the previous two decades. They warn of an “extraordinary breadth” of places already affected. Published in Nature Climate Change, they looked at cases of human-wildlife conflict on every continent except Antarctica, and in all five oceans.

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As climate change alters Michigan forests, some work to see if and how the woods can adapt

By Keith Matheny
The Detroit Free Press
February 27, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: United States, US East

Peter Reich

It’s as integral a part of Michigan’s fabric as its lakes and rivers: more than 20 million acres of forest land − the hickory and oak trees of southern Michigan giving way to forests of sugar maple, birch and evergreens that surround northbound travelers. But a warming climate is harming and transforming the woods, with further, even more dramatic impacts projected by near the end of the century. Michigan has perhaps the most exceptional forest makeup in North America, as boundaries of multiple forest types converge here. …”The prognosis for the forest is not great,” said forest ecologist Peter Reich, director of the University of Michigan’s Institute for Global Change Biology. “It may be we are at a tipping point beyond which these northern species just can’t hack it. Nature is really resilient, but we are pushing it really far, maybe up to its boundaries.”

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Australia’s first electric logging truck goes to work in Australia

Big Rigs
February 28, 2023
Category: Forestry
Region: International

Mount Gambier-based Fennell Forestry has taken the covers off Australia’s first electric logging truck. The truck – just the second electric truck of its kind in the world – has been commissioned by the local harvest and haulage company to provide a realistic carbon reduction solution for the heavy transport industry. Fennell Forestry unveiled the truck to stakeholders, government and industry representatives at an exclusive preview event on Tuesday, February 28. NSW innovators Janus Electric began work on converting the once diesel-powered Kenworth prime mover to a fully electric battery operating system in early 2022. And after rigorous testing, fine-tuning and anticipation, the truck is now at home in Australia’s most productive plantation forestry region – the Green Triangle. A new charging station has also been installed and tested at Fennell Forestry’s Mount Gambier depot, to ensure the vehicle can be operated and recharged as required.

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Carbon, Climate & Bioenergy

Fertile ground: How soil carbon can be a cash crop for the climate age

RBC Thought Leadership
February 27, 2023
Category: Carbon, Climate & Bioenergy
Region: Canada

In this paper, we examine three financial instruments that could boost carbon storage in soil and create other benefits: carbon offsets, carbon insets, and government funding. …Insetting is currently the most effective mechanism to incentivize farmers to adopt new practices. Though broad consumer demand for sustainable food has yet to develop, agri-food companies have displayed a willingness to pay more for sustainable inputs as a way to reduce emissions in their own supply chains. Government support will also be critical in the early days of this transition. Yet as it stands, Canadian government funding is lagging that of its global peers. …In all cases, reliable measurement, reporting and verification systems (MRVs) are key. Offsets are particularly reliant on MRV trials to build a foundation of market integrity and trust. Developing these systems will take time.

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Minnesota scientists test global warming worst case scenarios

By John Hendren
The Times and Democrat
February 27, 2023
Category: Carbon, Climate & Bioenergy
Region: United States, US East

One of the largest climate-change experiments on the planet is underway in Minnesota.Researchers in the US are trying global to understand how it will affect the region’s nature and wildlife.

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Health & Safety

Logging truck driver dead after triggering multi-vehicle crash near Grovedale

By Nicole Bergot
The Edmonton Journal
February 27, 2023
Category: Health & Safety
Region: Canada, Canada West

GRANDE PRAIRIE, Alberta — A 59-year-old man is dead after the loaded logging truck he was driving crossed the centre line and triggered a multi-vehicle crash that shut down Highway 40 south of Grovedale Sunday morning, Grande Prairie RCMP said. RCMP, emergency medical services and fire officials were called to the crash, with the Grande Prairie logging truck driver declared dead on scene and another person airlifted in serious condition to Edmonton via STARS air ambulance. RCMP later determined that four semi-trucks were involved in the collision. Police said investigators determined a northbound semi loaded with logs crossed the centre line and collided with a southbound semi that then struck an SUV. The truck loaded with logs then crashed into another semi-truck, with the load of logs spilling out over the highway. …Grande Prairie RCMP, with the assistance of a collision reconstructionist, continue to investigate.

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Workplace Safety North announces new Risk Management Awards

Workplace Safety North
February 27, 2023
Category: Health & Safety
Region: Canada, Canada East

NORTH BAY, ON—Workplace Safety North (WSN) announced a new awards program to recognize Ontario mining and forest products companies. The WSN Risk Management Awards build on the provincial risk-based analysis program by using the industry’s own research to focus on the most effective ways to protect workers. …Over the past few years, workers and managers have been meeting in risk assessment and root-cause analysis workshops to talk about and rate the workplace hazards that worry them most. From the research, WSN created a database of the top 10 risks of all sectors in the mining, forestry, paper, printing, and converting sectors in Ontario. The Risk Management Awards recognize employers who are following the control activities designed to minimize risk and keep workers healthy and safe. The forest products sector is focused on lockout and tagout of machines and equipment to address stored energy hazards. Applications due April 30. 

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Forest Fires

Massive forest fires rage on in eastern Cuba

By Nelson Acosta
Reuters
February 27, 2023
Category: Forest Fires
Region: International

HAVANA – Forest fires raged on in Cuba’s eastern region on Monday, inching toward more populated ground more than a week after sparking near a national park. More than 2,000 hectares of forest, including plantations and coffee crops, have been devoured by the flames, authorities said, as firefighters, park employees and soldiers battled the blaze. The fires have moved away from the Mensura-Piloto National Park and toward the province of Santiago de Cuba, home of the populous city of the same name, according to officials. The fires are actively spreading through “a wide area, not just one focal point,” said local Communist Party leader Ernesto Santiesteban on state television. Officials have struggled to put out the fires since they began on Feb. 18. Obstacles include “adverse conditions” and difficult terrain, Santiesteban said.

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